“Riesgos físico - químicos en gestantes que laboran en invernaderos de la parroquia Antonio José Holguín”

Abstract

This research entitled Physical - chemical risks in pregnant women who work in greenhouses of the Antonio José Holguín parish, is developed with the objective of identifying the physical - chemical risks to which the pregnant woman is exposed and also observe the measures of protection used by pregnant women when working in the flower production greenhouses of this parish. The data for the development of the research were obtained through the application of a guide of observation of the work performed by pregnant women in the greenhouses, which consists of 4 categories: Exposure to physical risks, chemical risks, compliance with protection measures and policies of prevention of occupational hazards. The information collection instrument has allowed obtaining relevant information to know the most relevant physical and chemical risks to which the pregnant women are exposed; results that have been tabulated and analyzed. The results of the identification of physical risks obtained in the research are as mentioned below: Regarding the falls of people at different levels is granted a percentage of 13%, being minimal but represented a risk of exposure during the practice of job. In the physical-fatigue subcategory with 47% the greatest risk is attributed to the position during the working day, with 13% cuts with sharps tools used in the work area also constitute an intolerable risk. Finally, exposure to extreme environmental temperatures results in 88%. All these risks can be reduced through good training. Chemical risks are significantly present within the work area due to the contact that workers have with these substances, so the exposure to liquid and solid chemical agents is obtained a percentage of 84% and 78% respectively, they show little importance on the use of measures and garments of protection obtaining the highest percentages regarding the non-use of gloves and masks with 62.5% and 81% respectively. All of the aforementioned risks are closely linked to non-compliance with occupational risk prevention and protection policies, presenting the highest rate in terms of complying with the rules, regulations and instructions of occupational safety and health programs that apply. in the workplace, as well as with the instructions given to them by their superior, represented by 91% the lack of compliance in terms of properly using the instruments and work materials, as well as the individual and collective protection equipment with a 63 % within the obligations of the employer. A non-compliance with the worker's rights of 81% is observed in the item that mentions that every worker will have access and will be guaranteed the right to first aid attention in cases of emergency arising from work accidents or sudden common illness. It is considered that all the risks presented above are due to the breach of the rules of the scope of work.