Esfuerzos manuales y su implicación en el trauma acumulativo en extremidades superiores del personal de cajas de instituciones financieras

Abstract

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The cumulative traumas generated in the workplace constitute a serious problem for the health of the workers in the world, being one of the main causes of human suffering and loss of productivity. The research focused on analyzing manual efforts and their involvement in cumulative upper limb trauma. The identification and evaluation of the ergonomic risk factors was developed to the five boxes of existing boxes in the study area and was done by the application of validated and recognized methods for repetitive movements such as Check List Ocra for initial analysis, complemented with the JSI (Job Strain Index) method being this specific method to determine if exposed workers have the possibility to develop cumulative traumas in upper extremities by exposure to repetitive movements; in the same way the study for postural load was developed using the REBA method. Complementary to the ergonomic evaluation, a medical examination was performed by performing maneuvers intended for the physical exploration of characteristic signs of flexion, extension, tone and strength for the detection of discomfort that respond to possible pathologies in upper limbs. The analysis showed that the highest incidence of symptomatology was found in the hands with 30%; on the other hand, 100% of the employees presented a positive response to at least one of the stimuli of the medical examination, agreeing these discomforts with the most common ones present in cumulative traumas in hands; it was also detected that the postural load originated mainly by the adoption of inappropriate postures due to the design of the position and inadequate furniture, failing 56% of the furniture with the basic technical requirements established in the technical preventive notes; This concludes the findings and recommends actions aimed at proposing measures that can mitigate the risks found, triggering in the proposal to carry out a redesign of the work post to mitigate the postural load and to apply a program of active pauses to reduce the time of exposure to repetitive movements. The main conclusion of the investigation is that in the area of boxes of the CACPE PASTAZA LTDA we detected symptoms corresponding to cumulative traumas in upper limbs and discomfort in the lumbar area, likewise there are already cases of proven professional diseases and corresponding to Syndrome Carpal tunnel, which fits exactly in the types of pathologies product of exposure to manual stresses.