Carga física de trabajo y su influencia en los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de los trabajadores en las áreas de corte, montaje y terminado de Creaciones GUSMAR

Abstract

The research is developed in the shoes factory GUSMAR, which analyzes how physical workload influences the musculoskeletal disorders to 9 workers in the cutting, assembly and finishing areas. This research determines the physical load of workers in the study areas and also identifies and evaluates the risk of suffering musculoskeletal conditions to finally establish the relationship between them. The evaluation of the physical workload is performed for both dynamic and static loads, in the first case it is performed by means of heart rate measurement, and by the FRIMAT, CHAMOUX criterion established the existence of overloading of work, the static physical load is established by analyzing the risks of forced postures (REBA Method) and repetitive movements (OCRA Checklist Method). Preliminary identification of musculoskeletal disorders is performed with the application of the Nordic questionnaire to subsequently quantify the risk of suffering musculoskeletal conditions through the use of the simple model for the comprehensive assessment of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries (MODSI) The jobs where there is over physical load are: manual cutting 1, manual cutting 2 and preparation of plants-drawn from lasts; The remaining jobs present medium risk, with the exception of cutting preparation that presents low risk. The majority of workers feel discomfort in different parts of the body, being the most recurrent affections in arms and back. The risk of musculoskeletal disorders are in a range of high to medium for all jobs. Relating the incidences of overload and the level of risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the same jobs determines that the physical workload influences the manifestation of musculoskeletal complaints.