La Sobrecarga Psicológica y su Influencia en las Estrategias de Afrontamiento de los Cuidadores de personas con Capacidades Especiales Intelectivas Moderada y Severa de la Unidad Educativa Especializada Ambato

Abstract

This paper to determine the levels of overload and its influence on coping strategies in caregivers of a person with moderate and severe intellectual capacity especially in the "Special Education Unit Ambato". The current worked was developed with the participation of forty parents or primary caregivers, by informal caregivers of a person with moderate and severe intellectual special ability. Of which exactly 25 people obtained from mild to intense overload, the analysis chi-square with 62.5% of the population was applied. To measure the degree of psychological overload the Test -Zarit applied while determining the most used coping strategies, the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI), later with the results make both quantitative and qualitative analysis was applied. thus finding that psychological overload does not affect coping strategies, thoughts, emotions, feelings or conception regarding the care of a person with moderate and severe special brainpower does not generate psychological distress, as this role is played mostly by the female gender with 70%, grandmothers and mothers play with 30% and 35% respectively, whose ages range from 31-40 (maturity) with 27.5% to 51-60 ( adulthood) with 25%, marital status married represented by 65%, which based on the adaptation phase have a correct process of assimilation of diagnosis issued, the acceptance of moderate and severe degree of intellectual disability of their family from which depart the assessment of personal social skills, and family which has to implement coping strategies based on emotions, so you can´t change the conditions of their family where the only thing that fits is the acceptance and adaptation allowing investigate solutions, specialized plans which involved professionals who know the subject in order to contribute to the development of the person in charge, aimed at improving the quality of life of the disabled person and obviously the family, why which most caregivers do not experience intense overload and therefore has no impact on coping strategies, those suitable strategies focused on emotion directed prosecuted to reduce stress and anxiety that produces the applicant situation.