Esfuerzo físico laboral y su incidencia en los trastornos musculoesqueléticos de las personas con discapacidad en sus extremidades inferiores

Abstract

ABSTRACT This investigation was carried out in several public companies with employees disabilities in a their lower extremity. Firstly, the workers with disabilities positions were identified. Ergonomic dangers caused by repetitive movements and forced positioning were also detected. Those risks were analytically estimated and reviewed by using several well-known methods. Several risks in medium and high level were detected according to RULA and Check List Ocra methods, however those levels increase when taking into account the workers disability percentage using the Baremo AMA. Also, workers cardiac frequency was measured, in order to calculate the physical effort levels on their jobs. Results show that several jobs are extremely hard and hard in short work intervals, and heavy when performing a global analysis. In addition, the ‘Nordic Questionnaire’ was used to determine the pain that workers feel in diferent body areas, been this an important fact to take into account in the health surveillance program. Finally, taking into account the evaluation results, a musculoskeletal disorders prevention program for workers with disabilities was established. This program considers prevention and health care, physical conditioning and job duties assignment (based on workers habilities) in order to minimize the aforementioned risk levels, for the latter program is developed through which the demands required by the job and skills of the worker is entered, obtaining a summary of recommendations in order to determine if "No risk", "Is it requires adaptations" or "Immediate changes required" in the workplace.