Optimización del protocolo de micropropagación in Vitro de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) var. Biloxi a partir de segmentos nodales

Abstract

The blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) is a native fruit from North America and distributed throughout of the world. The consumption of this fruit has increased by 70 percent due to the beneficial properties, it provides to those who eat it, highlighting among them anti-diarrheal, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties due to its tannin content. The general objective was to optimize the in vitro blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) micropropagation protocol from nodal segments based on variations in concentrations of phytoregulators, volume of nutrient medium, and explant density. An experimental design was used, dividing the test into 4 stages: disinfection, introduction, multiplication and rooting. The model applied was the design of Latin squares. It was determined that in the introduction stage the sowing of nodal segments presented 60 per cent viability, 0 per cent contamination by fungi and bacteria and 85 per cent potential oxidation. While, in the multiplication stage, a growth rate of 113 per cent was obtained, whose best treatment was number 8. For the multiplication stage, the highest growth rate was obtained with the use of 2.0 milligrams per liter of cytokinin, 30 milliliters of culture medium and density of the explants equal to 30. While, for the rooting stage, the highest index was obtained at a concentration of 2.5 mg per L of indolebutyric acid, 800 mg per L of activated carbon and explant density equal to 20.