Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de extractos vegetales para el control de roya (Uromyces appendiculatus P.) en el cultivo de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

In Ecuador, one of the crops of greatest interest in the Andean zone is bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and one of the most common diseases is rust (Uromyces appendiculatus P.), which causes considerable production losses, it generate orange colored pustules that mainly affect the foliar area and with it the photosynthesis process of the plant. The investigation was carried out in an established plot located at an altitude of 2393 meters above sea level, latitude 1º 23 ’54’ ’and longitude 78º 28’23’ ’in Patate. The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate the antifungal activity of plant extracts cola de caballo (E. arvense) and chamomile (M. chamomilla) for the control of rust (U. phaseoli) applied in three different doses (10, 15 and 20%). A randomized complete block design (DBCA) with factorial arrangement (2 x 3 + 2) with three repetitions was used. Using the statistical analysis, it was possible to determine that the treatments E1C3 (20% chamomile extract) and E2C2 (15% cola de caballo extract) are those that show the lowest values in incidence with percentages of 56.11 and 55.55 % reciprocally 35 days after application, something similar occurs in severity, achieving percentages of 19.47 and 19.66% respectively. In addition, it was identified that the yield was influenced by the application doses reaching 1.33 kg in E1C3 and 1.15 kg for E2C2.