Evaluación de riesgos ergonómicos asociados a lesiones músculo-esqueléticas en el área de faenado de ganado mayor del Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato (CFMA)

Abstract

ABSTRACT Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most important health problems at work, they are part of a global problem affecting both the health of workers and the economy of the countries, within this context the meat industry it does not escape this reality. The research aims to evaluate the ergonomic risks associated with musculoskeletal injuries in the area of cattle slaughter of the Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato. The ergonomic risk assessment methodology in the slaughter area integrates the methods of evaluating inadequate postures REBA, repetitive movements Check List OCRA, manual handling of GINSH loads, push and pull through key MIC indicators and vibrations in the hand-arm system through INEN-ISO 5349-2. The results show that in the analyzed jobs there are risk factors such as: forced postures, repetitive movements, exposure to hand-arm vibrations, push and pull and manual lifting of loads; the greatest risks due to manual lifting of loads are found in the tasks of washing the viscera and transferring the legs and heads, all with an index that is not tolerable (loads greater than 23kg); regarding postural risk REBA (greater than or equal to 10) considered high is found in activities; head and leg transfer, skinning and sternum cut; the risk of repetitive movements (OCRA Check List between 19 and 24) is manifested in the cutting activity; With respect to pushing and pulling loads, intolerable tasks occur in 12 of the activities, presenting a situation of great increase in the load with risk level 3 and 4 that implies overstrain, finally the use of pneumatic tools represents a tolerable risk in workers due to at exposure time. The study concludes that workers are exposed to risks due to manipulation of loads that may generate musculoskeletal disorders in the future.