correlación entre la incidencia de obesidad y el cáncer de tiroide

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a disease that currently affects more than half of the world population, triggered mainly by poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyle; It is the cause of more organic pathologies and a detrimental complement to different metabolic diseases, as is the case of thyroid pathologies, which currently occur more frequently. Objective: This scientific article is carried out with the objective of identifying the repercussions of obesity on thyroid cancer, through the analysis of current scientific evidence that has been published. Methodology: This scientific article is a bibliographic review of the existing literature of publications in scientific journals, compiling information from the Medline, Intra Med, PubMed, The Cochrane, SciELO, WHO, New England Journal of Medicine, Elsevier and other databases. journals with good scientific evidence, with date restrictions within the last five years, in Spanish and English. In addition, bibliographic data and citations of scientific articles available in the virtual library of the Technical University of Ambato will be included. Development: There is evidence that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of cancer in at least 13 anatomical sites, such as adenocarcinomas of the endometrium, esophagus, kidney, and pancreas; hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, meningioma, multiple myeloma, colorectal, breast, ovarian, gallbladder, and thyroid cancer. Analysis: Nutritional patterns have gained great interest as possible promoters and modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer in recent years, according to the information obtained from the different studies found, where the relationship between the incidence of obesity and thyroid cancer is close. The progressive incidence of cancer in obese populations is linked to the metabolism of sugars, such as the increase in insulin resistance. Obesity causes excess white adipose tissue, which represents a source of progenitor cells that help in the recruitment of adipose stem cells (ASC), which help in the generation of tumors, growth and vascularization. Most obese patients are characterized by a condition known as leptin resistance. Conclusion: The nutritional factor is the most important because it is the one that most frequently has repercussions on thyroid function, determined by chronic inflammation of the gland, mediated by cytokines, insulin, leptin and adiponectin.