Revisión bibliográfica de las fuentes proteicas en la alimentación y desarrollo de colonias de abejas (Apis mellifera L.)

Abstract

Various plant protein sources were analyzed as a substitute for nectar and pollen for feeding and development in colonies of bees (Apis mellifera L) through bibliographic reviews, with the purpose of collecting sufficient information corresponding to foods that contain: water, carbohydrates , proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, similar to the natural food obtained by them, taking into account the study variables of the colony or family such as: queen position (PR), weight of the initial population (PPI), weight of the final population (PPF), pollen production (PDNP), honey production (PDNM), food consumption (CA) and cost per treatment (CT). This study focuses on processed foods of plant origin based on the nutritional requirements of bees, supplied intimes of low flowering seasons, unrotated monocultures, climatic fluctuations, excess of agrochemicals, etc. In order to obtain food at low cost and high yield in production improved with a healthy, environmental and economic lifestyle of the beekeeper of an estimated value of USD 400 per year per hive, in optimal sanitary conditions and located in a wide flowering territory, stable climate and with the management of good beekeeping techniques. In conclusion, it is recommended to use soy flour, peas, etc., as a protein ingredient in the production of nectar and pollen substitutes for bees due to their high nutritional performance and low cost in order to avoid depopulation syndrome, strengthening the system. immune to external and internal agents during its life cycle.