Estudio comparativo de la resistencia a compresión, fuego e impacto de bloques huecos de hormigón tradicional y bloques elaborados con sustitución parcial del agregado grueso por cascarilla de coco

Abstract

For the execution of this experimental work, in the first place, the aggregates necessary for the manufacture of the proposed blocks were collected of: chasqui mines located in Laso, powder from Pujilí and coconut shell that was acquired in the Cotocollao sector (Quito). Next, the granulometric, absorption and density tests of all materials were performed under the INEN standards in the Soil Mechanics and Materials Testing Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. With the achieved results, the dosage of the blocks by the optimal density method were developed for both: traditional hollow blocks and hollow blocks with partial replacement of 10%, 20% and 30% with coconut shell. Compressive strength tests were performed at 7, 14 and 28 days, while impact resistance and fire resistance tests were performed at 14 and 28 days. Compressive strength at 28 days of the traditional blocks was 3,77 MPa, while that of the blocks with 30% substitution by coconut shell was 5,67 MPa. With respect to impact resistance, it was observed during the test that the number of detachments of the material decreases while more coconut shell replacement is added. Finally, in fire resistance, the blocks subjected to high temperatures suffered changes in appearance and decreased resistance, however, after being subjected to compression, the 30% replacement blocks still retain their resistance properties (4,35 MPa), within the limit according to NTE INEN 3066, unlike normal blocks that had 2,61 MPa. Finally, from this it follows that while more coconut shell is replaced in percentages, the block decreases in weight and at the same time increases in resistance. Determining that the optimal percentage of coconut shell replacement is 30%.