Los riesgos químicos y su incidencia en la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores del proceso de limpieza de filtros de aire de la empresa Teojama Comercial S.A., de la ciudad de Ambato, Provincia de Tungurahua

Abstract

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the study carried out of the Chemical Risks and their incidence in the Occupational Health of the workers of the process of cleaning of air filters of the company Teojama Comercial SA, through the risk assessment based on the NTP 330: Simplified system of risk assessment of accident it was determined that the chemical risk has the level of intervention II, where it requires correcting and adopting control measures. Based on this preliminary investigation, a hygienic evaluation is carried out at the workplace where it is determined that workers are exposed to doses that exceed the permissible limit value according to what UNE 17330-2 indicates; 2014. Through laboratory tests, the type of solid waste that is deposited in the work environment when performing the activity of cleaning air filters is analyzed, resulting in the presence of silicon, lead and mercury metals. , which clearly demonstrates the negative effect it can have on workers' respiratory health. For the verification of the dependent variable, a validated survey is carried out opportunely directed to the workers involved, who affirmed that the greater the exposure to the greater activity, the deterioration in their health. Taking into account the previous evaluations, we propose the design and construction of an air filter cleaning machine that works with compressed air that cleans the filter from the inside out, encapsulating the particulate material by depositing it in a cloth bag inside that can be removed without danger of contamination.

The metallic structure is designed in the free software MDSOLIDS, the electronic operation is based on ARDUINO. The air filter cleaning machine corresponds to an effective solution not only of the chemical risk but also of other types of risks derived from the activity.