Análisis del manejo de desecho de viruta metálica en la industria metal – mecánica del cantón Cevallos para establecer mecanismos de prevención y control del suelo contaminado

Abstract

The investigation is based on the study of the dross management of metal chip waste in the metal-mechanic industry of the Cevallos town, its collection and final disposal and thus demonstrate the environmental impact they generate to the soil. Therefore, part of the chemical composition of the raw material used in said industry to determine the elements that constitute pollutants to the soil according to the parameters of soil quality, established in the Unified Text of Higher Environmental Legislation (TULSMA) . It was determined that the final disposal of metal chip waste from the metal-mechanic industry of Cevallos town, are the scrap deposits located in Ambato city, specifically in the deposits: Max Metal, Eco Recycling, Tungurahua and Huachi Grande; sites in which it was proved that there is a residual of metal chips deposited in the soil. To know the percentage concentration of heavy metals present in these soils, the method of atomic absorption by flame was used and to determine the morphology the use of a scanning electron microscope was required. From the analyzes carried out, it was determined that the concentration of heavy metals in these soils ranges from: (99-299) ppm Cr, (58-3000) ppm Cu, (19-60) ppm Ni, (299-998) ppm Mn being superior both to those detected in adjacent soils and to the maximum allowable by TULSMA of 54ppm Cr, 25ppm Cu, 19ppm Ni. Finally, as a control and prevention proposal, a metal chip separation system based on magnetism was designed, which according to the analysis was the most suitable for this industry. The designed system is oriented to be used in the metal-mechanic industry of the Cevallos town, since it is at this point where it can have greater control of the contaminating element, mentioned mechanism has a loading capacity of 4Kg, 12 electromagnets that produce 5.07Kgf each one, having a total of 60Kgf.