La estructura de financiamiento y la rentabilidad en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito reguladas por la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria del cantón Ambato segmento 1 y 2, período 2015

Abstract

Research was carried out in order to determine through financial analysis of balance sheets the financial structure of credit unions. Using the rates of return on total average assets, it was evidenced that the El Sagrario and San Francisco Credit Unions lead the segment with rates of 1.67% and 1.44% respectively. These are organizations which boast more than fifty years of operation, and as such have consolidated their market position. They are followed by the Mushuc Runa and Oscus Credit unions, which have respective rates of 0.94% and 0.61%. Although the Mushuc Runa Credit Union cannot match the trajectories of its competitors, it provides the benchmark for brokering to the market segment of indigenous people, which has been long ignored by the formal banking sector. The Oscus Credit Union is a well-structured organization. The Ambato Chamber of Commerce and the Ambato Credit Unions show rates of 0.49% and 0.42%, a return on total average assets that falls below the average for the sector. Finally, the situation of the Kulki Wasi and Sac Credit Unions is more worrying, showing returns of 0.04% and 0.01%. For the most part, the Credit Unions adopt traditional financing structures, using banking institutions, private capital and brokering. Bonds are emitted only by the Oscus Credit Union, which had an overall growth in liabilities of 13% between 2015 and 2016. Its main account is public bonds, which make up 92% of this growth. The value of debts emitted through security titles remains negligible at 3%, which validates the chosen financing structure. Trading on the stock exchange presents an opportunity to all financial institutions, which can take advantage of technological advances and legal regulations which have been created to improve the stock trading system. This legal security promotes transparency in operations, and thereby security in investments. Owing to this, a model for general applicability was created for securitization of investment portfolios, which uses different scenarios to demonstrates through the difference between operating and financial costs, that this type of financing is more profitable.