Factores de Riesgo Cardiovascular y Estilos de vida, en Adolescentes Escuela Fiscal Federico González Suárez, Sector EU05. San Miguel-Salcedo. 2015-2016

Abstract

Currently cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in all countries of the world, its clinical manifestations are evident in adulthood, but cardiovascular risk factors, often are already present since childhood and adolescence. Objective. Identify cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle, adolescents school tax Federico Gonzalez Suarez, the EU05 Sector San Miguel-Salcedo. 2015-2016. Methodology. The field study was transversal and relational, a universe of 254 adolescents of both sexes. The sample was calculated using the statistical program Epidat version 3.0, the 158 participating schools were selected by simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria: adolescents who agreed to participate voluntarily and had signed informed consent by the guardian. The study considered the ethical principle of Helsinki. All weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated; Blood pressure was measured; waist circumference; biochemical measurements of blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were performed; plus a survey on diet, physical activity and sedentary lifestyle was applied. The results were performed with SPSS version 20. To determine the statistical significance between cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyles, the Chi square test (x2) was used with p <0,05.The results reported overweight 24,1%, obesity 19,6%, abdominal obesity 19%, prehypertension 2,5%, hypertension 3,8%, impaired fasting glucose 17,7%, hypercholesterolemia 47,5%, high LDL cholesterol 62,7%, low HDL colesterol 30,4%, hypertriglyceridemia 43.7%. Regarding lifestyles, changes need 75.9%, perform light physical activity 39,2%, and 22,2% were sedentary activity. Conclusions. No statistical significance between cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyles of teenagers, but several cardiovascular risk factors such as overweight, impaired fasting glucose, low HDL cholesterol and high triglycerides predominated in women was found, while, general obesity, abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, total cholesterol and high LDL cholesterol were present in males, so it is important to promote healthy lifestyles.