Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales
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Item El tipo penal de terrorismo para criminalizar lideres indígenas en la protección de los derechos de la naturaleza en Ecuador(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2024-08) Tipantasig Espinoza, Evelin Dayana; León Trujillo, Edison SantiagoThe criminalization of Indigenous leaders defending nature rights under the terrorism offense in Ecuador poses a severe threat to human rights, democracy, and environmental protection. This practice silences the voices of those who protect our ecosystems and undermines the fundamental rights of Indigenous peoples. Consequently, this research aims to analyze the use of the terrorism offense as a tool to criminalize Indigenous leaders defending nature rights in Ecuador. The study seeks to determine the legal, political, and social impacts of this practice. It examines the application of the terrorism offense under the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, the relationship between Indigenous peoples' right to environmental defense and the recognition of nature rights, and the repercussions of criminalizing Indigenous leaders on the protection of these rights. The research was conceptualized under the modality of bibliographic and documentary research, exhaustively reviewing research backgrounds at the national and international levels. The methodology employed in this research is based on a qualitative approach with an exploratory scope. Interviews were applied as a data collection technique, both to criminalized Indigenous leaders and to legal experts and state officials in the legal field. This qualitative approach allowed for obtaining detailed and contextualized information on the criminalization of Indigenous leaders in relation to the terrorism offense in Ecuador. The exploratory scope was employed due to the lack of sufficient prior information on the issue raised, which allowed for exploring and understanding the phenomenon under study. The research reveals a deep disconnect between the criminal legal framework and the recognition of Indigenous peoples' rights in Ecuador. The application of the terrorism offense to Indigenous leaders defending nature generates various negative impacts, including the restriction of freedom of expression and social protest, the demobilization of communities, and the legitimization of state violence. Thus, it is proposed to create measures to ensure that the terrorism offense is used objectively in the legitimate defense of nature rights by Indigenous communities in EcuadorItem La responsabilidad social y ambiental del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado municipalidad de Ambato y la garantía de los derechos de la naturaleza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2020-11) Paredes Guerrero, Fanny Cecilia; Cañar Jiménez, Diana MaribelThis research work is directed to the study of the social and environmental responsibility of the local government of the canton, the understanding of its origin, characteristics, application, its focus on efforts to act responsibly and enhance its environmental impacts in a positive way to reduce negative effects in accordance with the powers established in national and international laws to prevent the violation of the rights of nature, research that is supported in turn on a study of environmental principles, social and environmental responsibility is regulated at the constitutional level , It has many international treaties of which Ecuador is a party, these treaties serve to direct the signatory countries to provide their States with sustainable and sustainable development, in order to take care of natural resources and act in a friendly and responsible manner with nature, few institutions public ions that apply this constitutional principle and when obtaining the results of the investigation it was seen the need to elaborate a public policy that is to say an ordinance that rules and regulates social and environmental responsibility, the investigated entity when executing its annual works plan , achieve the correct application of responsibility to protect the rights of nature by guaranteeing a quality of life to all the inhabitants of the canton, where its economic purpose does not exceed its social purpose that despite not being a natural person like any other being I live deserves its protection, conservation, reintegration and comprehensive reparation for the good of this generation and future generations. As established by law in the powers of the municipality, it will allocate a percentage of its budget to execute all plans, programs, and projects in the social sphere, and mostly works that were prioritized by the citizens, that is, the appropriate use of the economic resources in function and demand of the needs respecting basic principles of subsidiarity, co-responsibility, solidarity, territorial equity. Municipal public finances will be conducted in a sustainable and responsible manner with the aim of making investment in society transparent in such a way that it can be translated into the achievement of its objectives that entails achieving the good living of the population, seeking economic stability, giving priority to the care of nature. The Latin American states have regulated the protection of the environment as a subjective right, that is, to have the power to demand from the state its protection and conservation, environmental requirements and controls have worsened in recent years, where the export of resources is observed natural and this occurs in the different political regimes, which act with little responsibility and their actions lead to the degradation and elimination of good living, which is important for a fully dignified life while respecting mother nature.Item La proporcionalidad de la pena en delitos de piromanía y los derechos de la naturaleza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2018-06) Cunalata Montaguano, Fabian Vinicio; Sánchez Espín, Jorge EnriqueThis investigation is based on the fact that it is not just a comment on the proportion of punishment in the crimes of pyromania, but it is very important to establish that the chords that are in use, which are also used, to protect the rights of nature. through a legal reform. To be consistent with the present research work, it is always part of the provisions issued by the Constituent Assembly, in the city of Montecristi, where the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador was created in 2008, as the supreme norm, which has supremacy Constitutional All others, including the International Conventions ratified by Ecuador, with the only salvation that needs them, are included in the Constitution. The Right to Effective Judicial Guardianship is the paradigm of this research work, because its main objective is the proportion of sanctions and the legal protection of rights, which can not be violated by the different justice operators. It must be taken into account that fundamental rights with the current constitutions.Item La aplicación de las normas ambientales y la contaminación del Río Cutuchi en al ciudad de Latacunga, en el período enero 2015 a octubre 2016(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2018-06) Garay Freire, Sara Isabel; Mayorga Naranjo, Nelson EduardoThe work structured independently: "THE APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND THE CONTAMINATION OF THE CUTUCHI RIVER IN THE CITY OF LATACUNGA, IN THE PERIOD JANUARY 2015 TO OCTOBER 2016" through the analysis on environmental pollution, specifically on the pollution of the Cutuchi River in the city of Latacunga, produced by the agroindustries and the inadequate management that they give to the produced waste which are the main source of diseases that directly and indirectly affect the inhabitants, causing a discontent and dissatisfaction of all the people residents as tourists, being affected in their health and concerned about their children who are developing in the midst of such pollution, despite the fact that in the constitution of the Republic of Ecuador guarantees the right to live well or called "Sumak Kawsay", that would understand that they could enjoy one that impacts on the reduction of the levels of pollution and remediation of the river. Water is becoming scarcer every day, to which must be added the aggravating factor of pollution that would prevent its use for human consumption and irrigation, so scarcity would be related more to quality rather than quantity. Water is life, but in this case the contaminated river is a source of infection of diseases, and since it can not use its water for irrigation, it would also affect the agricultural production and economy of the population. Once the problem was determined, a main research objective was assessed. Analyze the application of environmental regulations and their impact on reducing the pollution of the Cutuchi River that crosses the city of Latacunga, from January 2015 to October 2016 The present work analyzes the problem of the current reality, of economic and social transcendence, and of provincial and national interest; the research will help from different perspectives and actors to identify the critical knots that impact the pollution of the Cutuchi River, through the analysis make recommendations and conclusions and contribute with this research to society, to start a process and stop the pollution of the river; The proposal is the "CONFORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF A CITIZEN VEHICLE IN THE CITY OF LATACUNGA, FOR SURVEILLANCE, SOCIAL CONTROL AND ACCOUNTABILITY, ON THE CONTAMINATION OF THE CUTUCHI RIVER"Item Las secuelas ambientales dejadas por las compañias de explotación petrolera y la vulneración del artículo 72 de la constitución de la República(2015) Constante López, Paulina José; Harb, Juan CarlosDebido a las múltiples consecuencias de afectación directa con el medioambiente por la explotación petrolera y dejada a la deriva, se planteó la investigación de puntos de análisis sobre lo que se refiere al tema basándose en lo estipulado en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. Los niveles de incumplimiento con respecto a lo que demanda la normativa legal vigente en el país, y a la par del daño a los habitantes de la zona en donde se encuentran los pozos de explotación petrolera. Se realizó el estudio mediante el enfoque crítico- propositivo bajo investigación bibliográfica- documental y de campo, además de intervención social. Luego de la investigación, los resultados indican que un alto porcentaje de encuestados apoyan el responsabilizar a las compañías de explotación petrolera por los daños causados a los ecosistemas de los que forman parte y su respectivo resarcimiento. En conclusión, el presente trabajo da apertura para que se considere en un futuro, el agregar un artículo innumerado al Reglamento Sustitutivo del Reglamento Ambiental para las operaciones hidrocarburíferas en el Ecuador, a continuación del Art. 89 ibídem, que prevea de manera permanente los espacios de vigilancia ciudadana a través de delegados de la comunidad durante todas las etapas de las actividades hidrocarburíferas, que son estipulados en el art. 89, ya mencionado, dando cumplimiento del mandato constitucional sobre los derechos de la naturaleza, con visión preferencial hacia los ecosistemas y grupos humanos más vulnerables del Ecuador.Item La explotación petrolera y los derechos de la naturaleza(2015) López López, Viviana Estefanía; Espín, María CristinaEl presente Trabajo Final de Graduación titulado “LA EXPLOTACIÓN PETROLERA Y LOS DERECHOS DE LA NATURALEZA”, propone que se establezcan mecanismos de protección y reparación de los derechos de la naturaleza, y de este modo impedir la trasgresión de los mismos, ya que sin lugar a dudas han dejado secuelas graves tanto en la misma naturaleza como en las comunidades aledañas a la explotación petrolera. Una investigación que se realizó con la finalidad de no únicamente reconocer a la naturaleza como sujeto de derechos, sino de crear medidas necesarias para asegurar el fiel cumplimiento de estos, pues es claro que no se han hecho respetar los derechos de la naturaleza frente al poderío económico que ha logrado resquebrajar a toda costa el respeto a la madre naturaleza con todos sus recursos que entraña en ella, algunos renovables, en tanto que otros no, como es el caso del petróleo. Observando esta problemática que se ha suscitado en el sector Tiputini del Parque Nacional Yasuní, se estima de trascendental importancia dar una solución a esta situación ya que se está vulnerando derechos que pone en riesgo incluso la preservación de la vida misma, en el presente y aún más en las generaciones futuras, quienes sufrirán las peores secuelas de la explotación petrolera, que se encamina por el crecimiento económico, el desarrollo industrial y tecnológico de la sociedad y el mundo. Con la investigación realizada fue posible tener conocimiento de la relevancia que debería tener la difusión de los derechos de la naturaleza en todo el territorio nacional e internacional, pero sobre todo profundizarlos en áreas de inigualable riqueza natural, donde la preservación de la misma exige un atento cambio del paradigma jurídico ambiental, que denote justicia constitucional, antes que cualquier interés ajeno a la misma.