Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales
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Item El estado de necesidad y el exceso de velocidad en las infracciones de tránsito(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-05) Andino Carrión, Andrés Patricio; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoThe titling work with the theme "THE STATE OF NEED AND THE EXCESS OF SPEED IN THE INFRACTIONS OF TRANSIT" proposes a better application in the regulations both within the Integrated Criminal Code and in the Organic Law of Land Transport, Traffic and Road Safety Guaranteeing the welfare of the conductions that transit through the canton of Ambato province of Tungurahua. It is necessary to indicate that the causes of justification eliminate harm to all, in what way are those who are in the circle of events, can not be harmed later. According to Borgia Mapelli Caffarena, "it is a question of situations in which the legislator considers the crime to be more tolerable than punishing him, one that knows an offense and some people can respond ..." (DONNA, 1978). Once the causes of justification are understood as certain circumstances that exempt the author from liability, it is necessary to indicate what is referred to in Article 30 of the Integrated Criminal Code, which indicates that the causes of the exclusion of the antijuridicidad "No There is a criminal offense when the typical conduct is justified by the state of necessity or legitimate defense. There is also no criminal offense when acting in compliance with a legitimate and express order of competent authority of a legal duty "(Code of Criminal Comprehensive Organic, 2014) The excess speed in traffic violations in our country is completely dismantled in the Organic Law of Land Transport, Traffic and Road Safety, therefore, a person who incurs in any of them, have and foresee a sanction. In many cases he is driving has witnessed some type of emergency situation and has seen in the need to exceed the speed limit by caution a well the right of the mayor hierarchy for example the life or welfare of a person. The author will be notified for the infraction that occurred and was left in a decision of the judge and the proof of the author justifies or not his contempt. The present work of the degree is directed towards the problematic that live in a newspaper many professional drivers in the courts without allowing a clear and true justification to not receive the prescription in the law. All people are at liberty The full defense of any problem raised, therefore, the study of this rule especially Article 32 of the Criminal Code must be fully applicable.Item La muerte en delitos de tránsito y la suspensión condicional de la pena(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-05) Vasco Intriago, Alejandra Guadalupe; Tite, Segundo RamiroThe deaths caused by traffic accidents, with the passage of the years have increased and with this there have been irregularities, as far as the handling of the situation of the victims, as well as the sanction of those responsible for that fact, Ecuador, despite To have legislation in force in criminal and transit matters such as the Comprehensive Criminal Code, has not been able to contribute to the reduction of mortality rates due to this cause, that is to say, the sanctions are not enough. So we must ask ourselves, what is happening so that the death rates in the country do not diminish?, to which the present investigation responds with an important fact, although it is certain the traffic accidents and more the cases where they result deaths of The same, are caused many of the times by negligence, malice, speeding, among others; Where they are of a guilty nature, but where pitifully not taking into account the affectation or legal insecurity that is being subjected to the victim's relatives. Within that, one form of affectation to the victim is the granting of the conditional suspension of the penalty, where the culprit despite having claimed a life for his lack of objective duty of care when handling a motor vehicle, is offered The benefit of not complying with his deprivation of liberty, which may vary from 1 to 5 years according to the sentence granted by the judge, and where the victim is left without adequate comprehensive reparation, in which the offender must necessarily comply with Its penalty, so that the victim is satisfied with the sentence. For this reason and in view of the magnitude of this problem, we have proceeded to analyze how the granting of the conditional suspension of the sentence affects the impunity or the inadequate integral reparation that the victims are getting in these cases. Cases. Therefore, through the search for bibliographical information and sentencing, it will be possible to further evidence this problem. For this, it was vital to have the information that could be provided by the justice operators of the Tungurahua Public Prosecutor's Office, the Judiciary Council, the Transit Unit, lawyers in free exercise and the population of the canton Ambato, since through interviews and surveys It was corroborated that the issue raised does represent a problem in society, so it has been proposed to stop granting the conditional suspension of the sentence, so that a decrease in mortality rates caused by traffic accidents and That the rights of victims cease to be violated.Item El procedimiento para el juzgamiento de las contravenciones de tránsito y el derecho a la legítima defensa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-05) Cáceres Núñez, Christian Daniel; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoThe work of titling is: "THE PROCEDURE FOR THE PROSECUTION OF BREACHES OF TRANSIT AND THE RIGHT TO SELF-DEFENSE", born of the idea and approach that when society has the possibility to move forward as a result of the evolutionary processes of humanity, assuming a state of higher consciousness and start in the search for answers to the problems of the fellow who will be the step for the collective development of society. The person who is the subject of accusation against her prosecution of violations -- has the right to due process, it is common to all types of cause; in criminal matters is the essential foundation and is a requirement of the law of human rights, and must be processed respecting rights, principles and constitutional guarantees, guaranteed in the Constitution of Ecuador and the international instruments on Human Rights. The institution of criminal contraventions is an instrument of control to maintain the social balance and in other cases to restore it, since in the case of acts for which a high degree of danger is not required by the active subject, they are broad-spectrum. Which are susceptible of being committed by citizens, hence the importance of their legal treatment, the application of mechanisms of social control of contraventive infractions is prevented, that in the later the individual develops antijuridic behaviors of more lesividad, with which it would contribute of way Meaningful to good living, and to social peace.Item El proceso de homologación y calibración de dispositivos y equipos tecnológicos foto radar y la notificación de las infracciones de tránsito(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-03) Morales Sailema, Oscar Danilo; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoThe technological application with which it is found in the different cities of the country has been implemented in the photo, to eradicate the accidents in the different roads, these technological equipment differ in three types according to the art. 6, Resolution No. 174-DIR-2013-ANT, Regulations for the Homologation, Use and Validation of Systems Devices and Technological Equipment for the Detection and Notification of Traffic Infrastructures, these are fixed as those of the city of Ambato, static When placed temporarily and mobile when the contravention detection equipment is installed in a vehicle that is in motion or parked at a certain point, for the study of the present we will focus on the mobile sensors of which according to this resolution must Be properly homologated and calibrated for correct use. These must be notified in accordance with this resolution Art. 19, which provides that notification with information obtained from the system, equipment or approved devices recording the commission of the traffic violation shall constitute technological proof, provided that the data of the infringing vehicle or person Responsible for its commitment, accompanied by data of date, place, day, month and year in which the last revision and operational certification of the equipment was carried out. Transit agents shall personally notify the person responsible for the contravention of the contravention, a copy of the corresponding ticket, which shall indicate the contravention, the name and the identification number of the driver of the vehicle, or of not being able to establish the Identity of the driver the number of plates of the vehicle, next to which will be delivered the image obtained by the electronic means with the technology of the detection equipment of contraventions. It must be observed what the LOTTTSV Organic Law of Transit, Land Transport and Road Safety and its General Regulation, electronic means, which is not done, is delivered the ticket of citation without any certificate of operation of the equipment and worse Still with the contravention imageItem Las multas por exceso de velocidad en el Código Orgánico Integral Penal y el pricipio de proporcionalidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales , Carrera de Derecho, 2017-01) Gamboa Castillo, Juan Carlos; Montero Solano, Juan PabloProportionality is a constitutional principle that guarantees the existence of a truly relation between the infringement done and the punishment adopted. For this case, it will analyze the thesis that increasing the penalties not reduces the crime rates, and that fines for speeding are disproportionate. Ecuador adopted like a security policy the raising in the penalties recurrently committed with the aim of reducing the criminality rates. Despite of that some writers like Cesare Beccaria have stated that increasing the penalties is not the best way to reduce the criminality but the strengthen of the judicial system to increase the certainty of punishment. This document is a study that compares the compatibility between the constitutional rules and the penal ones, specifically, those related with the imposition of fines in the traffic violations of first and fourth category, which are considered disproportionate by the citizens because there is not proportionality between the penalty and the legally-protected right that was affected.Item La aplicación de Foto Radares fijos y el derecho constitucional a la defensa(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales , Carrera de Derecho, 2017-01) Chacha Caiza, Gladys Elizabeth; Kléver Alonso Pazmiño Vargas, Kléver AlonsoOn August 10, 2014, with the publication of the new Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code in Ecuadorian legislation, an important step is taken in the administration of justice with which a new legal system is born, since this legal body, besides gathering all the Offenses also covers traffic violations for better study and enforcement. Through this new legislation in a developing country has opted for the application of technological devices for the detection of traffic violations by speeding photo sensors (photo fixed radars), on the roads and highways of some cities of our Country, Without being the exception ours because eight photo sensors have been applied fixed for the control of speed within the city. These control devices are intended to detect and notify the offenders of a traffic violation for speeding, because these citizens have violated the law and with it the limits and speed ranges established in the regulation. It should also be mentioned that the notification is the main basis in a procedure, in this way is made known to the alleged offender, of the legal actions that will be carried out against him and with this we will guarantee the right of every person, the defense and This way we also guarantee due process in a judicial proceeding. Since our country is a constitutional State of rights, and social justice must guarantee the effective application of the rights guaranteed in our supreme rule only so we can say that the change in the administration of justice is effective, because in violating constitutional rights Also violates the right to legal certainty of a State. After what has been said, it is of the utmost importance that our country should seek other mechanisms for the notification of a traffic violation detected by photo sensors or detectors of traffic violations (fixed photo radars), because notification by electronic or technological means Is not the most appropriate to inform the alleged offender that he has committed a traffic violation only so it will be possible to avoid that this person is defenseless for lack of a notice in legal and due form.Item Los permisos de operación por cuenta propia, la agencia nacional de regulación y control del transporte, transito y seguridad vial, en coordinación con el GAD Municipalidad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales , Carrera de Derecho, 2016-10) Sánchez López, Edison David; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoFor many years in South America; trade transport, traffic of goods and people developing sub regional trade have been allowed; these have been interrupted in their operating permits because of their own private vehicles, because the Agencia Nacional de Tránsito (National Agency for Traffic and Road Safety) did not delivery to the owners of vehicles on time. It is important to study this research considering that the population is growing and it increases their communication needs and charges transportation; and people who move from one place to another by Ecuadorian territory ways; this will provide a quickly and timely service to users who do not wish to use public transport, because it has established routes and schedules. This research is important because it is supported in literature found on the web, books, magazines, documentaries, essays and observations of competent professionals in transit, mobility, decentralization and crowding information. The researcher will propose an alternative focused on the principles of security solution, efficiency, universality, accessibility, continuity and quality under the responsibility of the national land transport system and road traffic safety in coordination with the “Municipal de Ambato GADs” (Municipality of Ambato Gad's). With this paper, the researcher proposes to add a paragraph to article two requirements for the authorization of driving licenses, and this could be the tool for all drivers acquire the permissions granted by the National Transit Agency in coordination with the Gad' s.Item El recurso de apelación y la suspensión de la sentencia condenatoria en las contravenciones flagantes de tránsito establecidas en el articulo 385 numerales 2 y 3 del COIP(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales , Carrera de Derecho, 2016-05) Herrera Ullari, Julio Álvaro; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoEcuador is a constitutional State of rights and justice, where the criminal justice system has changed since the entry into force of the Organic Code Integral Criminal, finding several innovations, as well as there are several legal loopholes that leave a lot to be desired and for this reason, the study that allows me to carry on the appeal and the incidence that have it in the convictions by committing flagrant contravention of traffic, established in Art.385 paragraphs 2 and 3, recalling that the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in its Art. 76 paragraph 7 literal m) it recognizes the right to appeal the judgment or decision in all procedures in which it is decided about their rights, and on the topic at hand it is about the right to freedom of persons who have committed flagrant violations of traffic. The remedy of appeal according to the Organic Code Integral Criminal will proceed in the following steps: 1. of the resolution declaring the exercise prescription of prosecution or punishment. 2. the auto nullity. 3. The auto of discontinuance. 4. Of judgments. 5. of the Resolution that grant or deny pretrial detention provided that such action has been issued during the arraignment or during fiscal instruction, and traffic contraventions for being an expedited procedure in which judgment is given within 24 hours of having committed the contravention. It comes against the judgment rendered for violating which it was established in Art. 385 paragraphs 2 y 3 of the Organic Code Integral Criminal that determines: 2. if the blood level is greater than 0.8 to 1.2 grams, fine of two unified basic salaries shall apply of the general worker, the loss of ten points on your driving license and fifteen days' imprisonment. 3. if the level of alcohol per liter of blood exceeds 1.2 grams, fine of three unified basic salaries shall apply of the general worker, the suspension of driver's license for sixty days and thirty days of imprisonment.Item Sanciones por delitos de tránsito en el COIP y el principio de proporcionalidad(2015) Copo Poaquiza, Fabiola de los Ángeles; Pazmiño Vargas, KleverUna norma legal subordinada a la Constitución de la República debe garantizar los derechos fundamentales allí establecidos, en tanto el presente trabajo investigativo tiene por objeto enmendar algunas consideraciones del Código Orgánico Integral Penal, en cuanto tiene que ver con las sanciones establecidas para los delitos de tránsito, pues la inobservancia jurídica al momento de su redacción ha creado incongruencias con la normativa Constitucional; por lo tanto la propuesta concluyente pretende reformar las disposiciones legales de manera de que no vulneren principios y garantías establecidas en la Constitución. La función Legislativa en su afán de regular el tránsito y la seguridad vial, y con el objeto de disminuir los accidentes de tránsito, ha implementado un nuevo cuerpo legal, endureciendo las sanciones para las infracciones por delitos de tránsito; decisión no muy acertada cuando existe norma Suprema expresa; en especial al referirnos a los principios constitucionales, entre ellos el principio de proporcionalidad y el principio de legalidad. Indudablemente el índice de accidentes de tránsito ha disminuido por la nueva normativa aplicada a los infractores, pero ha aumentado las vulneraciones a los principios constitucionales, como el aplicar varias sanciones para un mismo precepto legal infringido; es necesario no olvidar la ejecución del principio de proporcionalidad a través del cual, las penas deben cumplir con una característica esencial que es la relación proporcional entre el hecho antijurídico con la sanción establecida. Por los antecedentes expuestos en el presente trabajo se ha tratado de argumentar y reestructurar algunas infracciones de tránsito considerados como delitos y sus respectivas sanciones. Es necesario resaltar que el presente trabajo de investigación no pretende desvalorizar el trabajo de la Función Legislativa, sino por el contrario enfatizar en la socialización de los proyectos de ley con la colectividad de tal manera que se recolecte las opiniones de quienes viven diariamente la realidad en lo referente al tránsito y la seguridad vial con el único objetivo de corregir errores de forma producidos por la inobservancia de ciertos preceptos legales. En relación al trabajo propuesto y luego de la indagación profunda de temas referentes al COIP y su proceso de aplicación, se ha determinado que es necesaria la reforma a la normativa cuya finalidad es más preventiva que sancionadora pues no se trata de amedrentar a los conductores sino más bien socializar la normativa vigente.Item Los peatones y los accidentesde transito, en el Cantón Ambato(2015) Acosta Rodríguez, Mónica Viviana; Pazmiño Vargas, KleverLos peatones son un factor importante en los accidentes de tránsito actualmente se encuentran como un factor primordial de accidentes de tránsito, es por ello que actualmente tanto los conductores profesionales como no profesionales y peatones deben y están en la obligación de conocer las nuevas leyes de tránsito y entre ello las nuevas normas legales como el COIP, dichas leyes ayudan a reducir los índices de accidentalidad vial, así mismo se ha podido realizar un profundo análisis de la investigación y se ha determinado que aún la mayor parte de accidentes de tránsito ocurren por inobservancia de las leyes, normas y señales de tránsito por parte de los peatones, es por ello que al sancionar de una manera más drástica se estaría contribuyendo con bajar los índices de accidentes viales en el cantón Ambato. El objetivo de la presente investigación es el planteamiento de un Reforma a las ordenanzas del GADMA y así minimizar riesgos y accidentes de tránsito en las vías, en el cantón Ambato, basándonos en el marco de derechos de las personas, considerándose que la capacitación y correcta aplicación de normas y señales de tránsito, permite que los peatones establezcan dichas disposiciones de manera adecuada, para que de esta manera potencializar sus condiciones en beneficio al derecho de vivir en armonía y en paz. Además tendrá como objetivo que disminuyan los accidentes de tránsito y con ello salvaguardar las vidas y los objetos materiales que se ven perdidos en estos casos y lo más importante las vidas que se pierden en las vías, sin embargo no dejarán de producirse pues ellos forman parte de la Ley probabilidades que rige a la naturaleza y a la sociedad así como el cambio, la inercia, pero ante todo hay que garantizar seguridades como desde los albores de la humanidad lo hicieron los hombres con otras fuerzas naturales y sociales a las que con persistencia las han ido venciendo.