Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales
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Item El derecho a la defensa y el recurso de apelación en las contravenciones de tránsito no privativas de libertad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2021-01) Núñez Diaz, Freddy Josué; Frías Raza, Sergio Edmundograduation work under the modality of Research Project entitled "THE RIGHT TO DEFENSE AND THE REMEDY OF APPEAL IN TRANSIT INFRINGEMENTS THAT ARE NOT DEPRIVED OF FREEDOM". Its purpose is to protect the legal security of people who guarantee due process in the judicial system and that their right is not violated by the application of the appeal in a sentence determined by a judge at the time of determining their responsibility. The right to defense is a legal instrument used by State institutions and enshrined by the Constitution in all legal proceedings so that it complies with the dissipations of this code without violating the legal security of people within a process that prevails their rights and responsibilities such as the case of drivers who are subject to traffic violations, so they have 3 days to make a challenge for an alleged violation committed and therefore at the time of the hearing request an appeal when it is not fully demonstrate the evidence or evidence that makes it responsible or not at the time the judge determines a sentence against the affected persons, when considering this type of remedy it does not give sufficient legal guarantee and it is there where it makes it impossible for said persons to apply this recourse so you are affected by the loss of points on your driver's license and the mu Economic lta that generates all traffic offenses typified in the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, so this reduction would prevent you from having your documents up to date, such as the renewal of your points on the driver's license and the payments that are subject to cancellation due to the fine that generates all custodial or non-freedom violations. We understand by right to defense the right that all people have within a legal process recognized by the Constitution, our Magna Carta which prevails and is permanently above and in the laws of our country. During the development of this project, issues of great importance in the constitutional and criminal area will be discussed, a clear and concrete idea of the constitutional principle such as the right to defense, inherent to every person who has a legal procedure in our country.Item La doble jurisdicción y competencia de los jueces penales como jueces de garantías penitenciarias y los derechos de las personas privadas de libertad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2020-09) Jara León, José Ricardo; Tite, Segundo RamiroThe issuance of the 2008 Constitution allowed Ecuador to undergo several transformations regarding an expansion of the catalog of rights and the conception of a Social State of Rights and Justice. Thus, disrupting the administration of justice and the role of the Judge, who enters the sphere of guarantee and protection of the rights of the individual. The Ecuadorian legal system complies with international standards in penitentiary matters, instituting judges for penitentiary guarantees. So, executing the sentence protects the rights of persons deprived of liberty, as a contribution to a specialized judicial system, making a distinction with the criminal guarantees judges who are responsible for knowing and punishing the typical and unlawful behavior of individuals. The regulations and their evolution project a State that guarantees rights. However, in practice, the Judicial Council, under the pretext of criminal efficiency and optimization of resources, never appointed these judges and issued Administrative Resolution No. 018 - 2014, which extended this competence and functions to criminal guarantees judges. This affected legal certainty, the principle of legality and specialty that underpins the jurisdiction and competence of justice operators, and limited the right to effective judicial protection of persons deprived of liberty. In other words, an administrative act tacitly acquires the rank of the organic law, which is not empowered by the legal reserve principle. The research used a qualitative-quantitative methodology, using the interview and survey to determine the criteria of the population of Judges, prosecutors, public defenders, and lawyers in free practice in the city of Riobamba. The results determined a violation of the rights of persons deprived of liberty and a legal contradiction with the functions that the Judge of criminal guarantees must fulfill, consistent with his strictly tutelary role as Judge of penitentiary guarantees.Item El acuerdo ministerial n° 5233-a del ministerio del interior y la vulneración al debido proceso en la separación de los funcionarios de la policía nacional del Ecuador(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Unidad de Posgrado, Maestria en Derecho Constitucional, 2020-09) Moreno Gavilanes, William Fernando; Poaquiza Poaquiza, Ángel PatricioThe present investigation arises from the integration of two specific variables that structure the subject as a whole, establishing itself as: “THE MINISTERIAL AGREEMENT N° 5233-A OF THE MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR AND THE VIOLATION OF THE DUE PROCESS IN THE SEPARATION OF OFFICIALS OF THE ECUADOR NATIONAL POLICE”. It should also be mentioned that, the problematic axis in a succinct way, follows from the fact that the members of the National Police, not having passed the polygraph test at the time, have been subject to sanctions, without being able to exercise effective judicial protection, without being able to exercise the right to contradiction, without being able to exercise the right to self-defense, violating the principle of innocence; being that, these principles and rights, in addition to being part of the integrality of the rules of Due Process, are also recognized as fundamental; For this reason, it is conceived that the Ministerial Agreement subject to analysis attempts against such high designs of the Constitution, leaving aside the guarantee that it advocates. In chapter I of the investigation, the doctrinal background and the problematic reality of the project are presented, in order to justify the reason why this investigation has been developed and carried out. In chapter II, the state of the art of research, that is, previous research, has been established in relation to the variables proposed in the structuring of the topic; then, they are developed, under doctrinal aspects of different authors that validate the research, regarding the principles and rights that could be being violated in the problematic investigative context. In chapter III, the methodological foundation of the research is developed, the base being the quantitative-qualitative application, for which, the documentary and bibliographic analysis of the existing doctrine was taken, to establish a questionnaire submitted to a judgment of the respondents , so that these in turn, transform their perspectives to percentages that can give us a general conception of the problematic reality presented. In chapter IV, the conclusions and recommendations are developed, which have been obtained by the doctrinal, bibliographic study, plus the application, tabulation and analysis of the surveys.Item Derecho a la defensa en el procedimiento directo en delitos de tránsito(Universida Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2020-02) Masabanda Paredes, Christian Patricio; Portero Castillo, Aracelly del RocioThe present investigative work has its origin in the rights violation suffered by people prosecuted for crimes of transit, when their right to defense in the Direct Procedure is aggravated; this type of procedure does not comply with all the procedural guarantees that must be guaranteed to the procedural subjects; noting that only the accusing party benefits. The methodology applied in the present investigation was field through the application of surveys to legal professionals, in addition to the collection of bibliographic data and the analysis of similar cases that have relevance at the national level. As the main conclusion of the investigative work, it was evidenced that in the granted term it is unlikely that all the elements of charges and defense will be known by the Office of the Prosecutor, so that the principle of objectivity that should be fulfilled will not be fulfilled. To exist in an accusatory system. The application of the Direct Procedure is obligatory whenever it is in the crimes considered in article 640 of Criminal Integral Organic Code, which entails that there is an inequality between the protected rights of the accused in an ordinary procedure and in the direct procedure.Item La prenvención y erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres y la vulneración del debido proceso legal, en la garantia a ser juzgado por un juez competente e imparcial(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Posgrado, Maestría en Derecho penal y Procesal penal, 2019-06) Ruiz Abad, Carolina Fernanda; Garzón Villacrés, Iván ArsenioIn this paper we will study how with the coming into force of the new Law to Prevent and Eradicate Violence Against Woman, in advance LOIPEVCM, constitutional guarantees of great importance are violated, such as being judged by a Judge who is competent, impartial and specialized inside family violence subjet. Competent judge, is one who acts by legal mandate, because the competence is born from the law, with what justice administrators are enabled to act in specific cases. COFJ (2009) At present, negative conflicts of competence have been generated and continue to arise between Judges of Criminal Guarantees and Judges of Violence against Woman, since competition has not been fully established in the mentioned LOIPEVCM. Impartial Judge, because the Judge must decide in merit of what was done in the process, without favoring any parties COFJ (2009), the new law violates this guarantee by reforming both the Código Orgánico Integral Penal, in advance COIP and the Código Orgánico de la Función Judicial, in advance COFJ, in this sense the same Judges of Violence must be who know all the stages of the criminal process in femicide crimes and violence against woman and members of the family nucleus. Finally Specialized Judge, the one who acts by reason of the area of his competence. COFJ (2009), this a constitutional guarantee provided in art. 81 of the Constitution (2008) for the treatment of infractions, againt woman and members of the family nucleus, judges must be specialized people in order to know and resolve this type of infractions. With Resolution 11-18 of the National Court of Justice, once again attempted against this principle by removing the Violence Judges competence, so that they can not know the stage of judging the mentioned crimes. The lack of competent, impartial and specialized judges in matters of violence, violates constitutional guarantees and rights that assist both victims and defendants, therefore it needs a legal reform in the area of competence that logically will be stablished in a clear and precise manner to whom impartial and specialized judicial authority corresponds the knowledge of the infractions of violence against woman and members of the family nucleus.Item Las garantias constitucionales y el derecho a la motivación en los actos administrativo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2019-05) Espinoza Ruiz, Ronny Sebastián; Aracelly, Portero CastilloThe present investigative work has its origin in the cases of massive decoupling of police servers in the Republic of Ecuador through ministerial agreements issued by the Ministry of the Interior, a subject that is booming within the country since the so-called "30S". During its development, Ministerial Agreement 4421 was analyzed, which resolves to unlink 322 police officers at the national level, who suffered violations of their constitutional and labor rights during this process, currently seeking to reinsert immediately those persons who were disengaged without no reason The Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador in its Art.76, numeral 7, literal L establishes that "the resolutions of the public powers must be motivated", which allows to explain that if a resolution does not state the legal principles in which it is based there can not be a proper motivation.Item Infracciones penales y el principio de objetividad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-06) Cáceres Pérez, Freddy Roberto; Pazmiño Vargas, Klever AlonsoThe graduation work: CRIMINAL INFRACTIONS AND THE PRINCIPLE OF OBJECTIVITY "proposes that these constitutional guarantees be applied in a more agile and timely manner, taking into account that for the legal prosecution of each case, administrators of justice must employ in all processes, The basic and fundamental guarantees enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador. After the investigative work, it is concluded that in the supreme norm of Ecuador, it is determined that in every process the principle of procedural speed is guaranteed, thus allowing procedural subjects to access justice in an optimal way, but already in the actual practice of Procedures, we begin to find the system's shortcomings, inasmuch as, specifically in criminal proceedings, this basic guarantee is only applicable in the expedited procedure, whereas in the procedures there is no rule of immediate application which must be subject to the stipulated terms In the law. The principle of objectivity in Ecuadorian law, duly applied by the administrators of justice, will allow the legal process to be promoted in an adequate manner, guaranteed to the procedural subjects legal certainty determined and recognized by Ecuadorian laws. These established parameters, it is concluded that the present research work is of vital importance and transcendence, since it seeks to provide an alternative to the problem posed and its possible solution, which is of vital importance to be guaranteed and applied as determined In the legal system, which are established to guarantee the right of individuals.Item La boleta de apremio personal y los derechos y garantías constitucionales del demandado en juicio de alimentos(2015) Manjarres Andaluz, Luís Miguel; Espín, María CristinaEl presente trabajo investigativo es presentado a personas, dedicados a ejercer arduas labores en favor de la comunidad, y de manera particular a los estudiantes de la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Este trabajo es el resultado de un estudio sistemático de los problemas que cada día afectan a nuestra sociedad, como lo es, la vulneración de los derechos constitucionales del demandado/a en juicio de alimentos, al utilizar inadecuadamente la boleta de apremio personal; entre estos está el derecho a la libertad personal, precautelado por la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, como norma jerárquica superior; mismo que lamentablemente puede verse vulnerado con una detención ilegal al hacer efectiva una boleta de apremio personal, aun cuando ya se ha cumplido con la obligación alimentaria, hecho que se encuentra guiado únicamente por intereses netamente personales del o la actora de juicio de alimentos y bajo un esquema legal que lo tolera. Al plantear las interrogantes de investigación, el objetivo tanto general como específicos y la importancia de la misma manifestada en el marco teórico, se logró describir los antecedentes científicos, así como la fundamentación filosófica y legal, además las hipótesis y las variables independiente y dependiente. La metodología diseñada para la investigación posee una lógica general; con las modalidades de investigación de campo, descriptiva, bibliográfica, documental; con los tipos o niveles de investigación que es la asociación de variables. Con la determinación de los instrumentos de investigación y su procedimiento a fin de desarrollar el estudio del caso, a fin plantear las conclusiones y recomendaciones y finalmente elaborar la propuesta que permitirá generar reflexiones en niveles tanto legales como sociales así garantizar los derechos y garantías constitucionales.Item Autorización de salida del país del niño, noña o adolescente y la patria potestad de los progenitores(2015) Ubidia Gavilanes, Carlos Alonso; Nuñez, RithaEn el Ecuador como en cualquier país del mundo existe una legislación que regula y controla todos los acontecimientos y acciones de la sociedad, nuestro país no es la excepción es así que el Art. 425 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador manifiesta claramente la jerarquía de las leyes y su modo de aplicación. Iniciando con la Carta Magna, Tratados Internacionales, luego las Leyes Orgánicas Y las Leyes Ordinarias, mismas que sirven de fundamento legal y nos dan la visión para que la Movilidad Humana sea un derecho y una Garantía Jurisdiccional a cumplirse con el carácter coercitivo no solo en el Ecuador sino en el mundo. Razón por la cual el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal que la Movilidad Humana debe ser respeta no solo en las personas mayores de edad sino principalmente en los niños (as) y adolescentes, quienes por diferentes motivos tienen que viajar a los países del mundo y sus metas no deben ser cuartadas, más aun cuando se trata de salud, educación y unión familiar. En los menores de edad la patria potestad es el requisito fundamental para la movilidad humana, es así que en el presente trabajo de investigación exponemos claramente que se debe analizar pormenorizadamente las razone y las circunstancias como lo adquirieron de quienes la tienen, ya que terminan siendo personas totalmente extrañas y no los padres, llegando a la conclusión que para que el menor tenga el permiso de salida del país, cumpla todo un proceso incluso con la condición de pagar cierta cantidad de dinero. Los Derechos de los menores son irrenunciables imprescriptibles e intransferibles razón por la cual mencionamos y proponemos que quien es el responsable del menor sea quien autorice la salida del país, incluso sin la firma del progenitor que nunca está en la formación del mismo, pero siempre cumpliendo con los requisitos legales y normativos del país.