Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Efecto de 3 soluciones nutritivas en el cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculententum Mill.), variedad Miramar injerto en briomino, bajo invernadero(2024-11) Riofrío Moreano Víctor Paúl; Marco Oswaldo Pérez SalinasThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three fertigation nutrient solutions on the yield of tomato crops (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), var. Miramar graft in briomino, under a greenhouse, in the San Pedro del Quinto sector, Chambo canton, province of Chimborazo. The nutrient solutions were formulated based on a previous soil analysis and a standard solution of H, P, K, Ca, Mg which was increased by 25% and decreased by 25%; in addition to a control to which no fertigation was applied but only foliar fertilization with applications in the same weeks as the rest of the treatments. For the statistical analysis of the variables: plant height, number of fruits per cluster, weight, diameter and color of the fruit and yield, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with three repetitions was used.Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that nutrient solution 2 generated a higher yield of the tomato crop, followed by nutrient solution 3, both located in range A, according to the Tukey test at 5%. In addition, it was determined that both nutrient solution 2 and nutrient solution 3 obtained the best results when evaluating the number of fruits, weight, diameter and color of the fruit. Finally, it was determined that nutrient solution 2 was the treatment that obtained the highest net benefit and the highest marginal return rate (MRR), being the most economical treatment and the highest yield.Item Evaluación de tres tipos de injerto de Claudia (Prunus domestica) en patrón franco de durazno (Prunus persica) en el cantón Patate(2024-02) Sanipatin Guano, Alexis David; León Gordon, Olguer AlfredoThe research was conducted in the province of Tungurahua, canton Patate in the Quíntala neighborhood, located at 2340 meters above sea level, with geographical coordinates 1°18'26" S South Latitude and 78°29'39" W West Longitude. Entitled (Evaluation of three types of grafting of Claudia (Prunus domestica) on peach (Prunus persica) rootstock in Canton Patate), the objective was to identify the type of grafting viable and the cost benefits in the production of Claudia plants. The variables evaluated were the percentage of yield, number of graft leaves, graft height, graft diameter, each at different times from 30 to 45 days, which we obtained statistical differences in a completely randomized experimental model, with three replicates and three treatments, an ADEVA (Analysis of Variance) was performed and later analyzed with a 5% Tukey test, obtaining as the best treatment that was the lateral scion graft, obtaining 100% of yield at 30 days, number of graft leaves of 29. 40, graft height of 10.95 cm, average graft diameter was 1.48 mm, for this reason, it is the recommended graft to perform on peach rootstocks (Prunus persica) in areas with climatic characteristics similar to the canton of Patate. Key words: grafting, cultivation, claudia, bud, peach.Item Evaluación del prendimiento de dos variedades de ucurbitáceas en tres portainjertos para producir plantas de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.).(2022-09) Benítez Solís, Elizabeth Del Rocío; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesVegetables are of great economic interest due to their high production and market demand; such as cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has therefore generated an excessive use of agrochemicals that enhance production and reduce pathogens, however, these alternatives drastically affect the environment and human health; Thus, grafting in vegetables is a clean alternative to integrate into production systems. The following research aimed to evaluate three types of rootstock Sambo (Cucurbita ficifolia), Zapallo Castellano (Cucurbita maxima), Commercial pattern (Kickoff) in two varieties cucumber (Cusumis sativus var. Mydas) and (Cusumis sativus var. Lisboa). The experiment was carried out with a 3x2 factorial arrangement within a completely randomized design and three replications for each treatment. Variables such as graft diameter, graft length, number of leaves per graft, percentage of grafting were evaluated, the data were subjected to an analysis of variance and were examined using Tukey's significance tests at 1% using the Infostat statistical program. Regarding the variable of taking of the grafts, there were no statistical differences, all the treatments were higher than 95%, the rootstocks P1 (Sambo) and P2 (Zapallo Castellano) were the ones with the highest number of leaves per graft with means of 2.61 and 2.33 leaves per graft, in terms of graft diameter, the treatment that was superior is T2 (P1V2) describes the Sambo pattern factors with Lisbon stem with an average of 0.29 cm and for the graft length variable the P1 pattern (Sambo ) and P3 (Kickoff) were grouped in range A, being the longest with 4.19 and 3.94 cm, respectivelyItem Evaluación de tres patrones con resistencia a nematodos en tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum) Var. Eterei(2022-03) Andrade Llambo, Bryan Daniel; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating three patterns: Olimpo, Monarca and Briomino to resistance to nematodes for the kidney tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the same that was carried out in the Chiquicha parish, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province, Located at an altitude of 2400 meters above sea level, with geographic coordinates of 1 ° 16 '0 "S South Latitude and 78 ° 31' 60" W West Longitude. The present research work was arranged in a randomized block design (DBA), with a factorial arrangement of 3 + 1 with four repetitions. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then the data were examined using the 5% Tukey significance tests. In order to acquire the information, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used, with comparison tests of Tukey's mean at 5%, and using the statistical program Infostat. For the number of nematodes, the treatment P3 (Briomino Pattern) is located in the first place with an average of 48 nematodes in 20 ml of sample, located in the range A. The same treatment stands out for plant height in centimeters, being located in the First place with an average of 191 centimeters in height, ranking in rank A. The same pattern stands out in stem diameter in centimeters, ranking first with an average of 2.72 centimeters in diameter, occupying rank A. On the other hand On the other hand, for the number of fruits, P1 (Olimpo Pattern) is located in the first place with an average of 4.03 fruits, occupying the rank A, it also occurs in fruit weight with an average of 654.23 grams of fruit weight. Finally, for the root volume variable, P3 (Briomino Pattern) stands out again, placing it in range A with a mean of 90.13 ml. In conclusion, the best pattern for nematode control is P3 (Briomino Pattern), but the use of P1 (Olympus Pattern) is recommended, since nematode control is also outstanding, but mainly because the productivity values of tomato are better than the other patterns discussedItem Evaluación de tres tipos de injerto en el patrón franco de kiwi (Actinidia chinensis)(2021-08) Sanipatin Pilaguano, Yadira Lizbeth; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe research project is entitled "Evaluation of three types of graft in the kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) frank pattern", which was carried out in the Quinlata neighborhood belonging to the Patate city, located at 2301 meters above sea level, with geographical coordinates 1 ° 18 ' 25 "S and 78 ° 30 '2" W, its objective is to determine the type of graft (terminal spike graft, lateral spike graft and bud graft) that is most favorable for the culture under study. For the analysis, evaluation variables were used, such as: percentage of seizure, plant height, graft diameter, graft height and number of buds seized per grafted plant, each one of them examined at different times, which were revealed the differences between the types of grafts, by means of a completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments and three repetitions, the analysis of variance (ADEVA) was carried out and later the data were examined by means of Tukey's significance tests at 5% , obtaining as the best type of graft the terminal spike, with 40% seizure, grafted plant height of 33.9cm, graft diameter of 20.9mm, graft height 25.8cm and 1.7 buds per grafted plant. . Therefore, it is the type of graft recommended to carry out in the cultivation of kiwi (Actinidia chinensis), in areas with similar climatic characteristics to those of the Patate city.Item Evaluación de la presencia de alcaloides en tres estados fenológicos del fruto de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) injerto en palo bobo (Nicotiana glauca), en Tungurahua(2021-04) Caicedo Álvarez, Carolina Mishell; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe research was carried out in the Soil Laboratories for Public Service and Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology owned by the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province. Located at 01 ° 22´ 02 ”South latitude and 78 ° 20” 36 ”West longitude, at an altitude of 2,865 meters above sea level, with the purpose of evaluating the presence of alkaloids in three phenological stages of the tree tomato fruit (Solanum betaceum ) being these mature, green and pintón; graft on bobo stick (Nicotiana glauca). For the evaluation, a factorial design was applied where 2 treatments and two controls were included, with ten repetitions, the PROBIT analysis was carried out and the Tukey significance tests were carried out at 5%, where the following results were obtained: The highest weight in fruit was obtained by the grafted yellow variety with a ripe state of pintón, which reached 137.62 g, the same that had its highest volume with 134.80 ml, in relation to the hardness of the fruit that reached its highest value It was the grafted purple variety in a state of green maturity with 4.92 kg / cm2. In diameter, the grafted purple variety in a mature state of maturity, which reached 62.28mm. The length of the fruit, its maximum value was given by the purple variety not grafted in a state of green maturity, which reached a value of 77.39 mm. Regarding the pH data, it was obtained that the non-grafted yellow variety in the green maturity stage has a higher pH corresponding to 4.07. The non-grafted purple fruit in ripe state that contains 2.11% titratable acidity. The results in the phytochemical screening carried out on the extracts, ethanolic of the pulp and rind of the samples under study, showed the presence of alkaloids giving positive in most of the samples, while in the test for alkaloids such as nicotine and anabasine that were They were subsequently carried out by means of thin layer chromatography runs gave no positive reaction when developed with Dragendorff's reagent.Item Eficiencia en la propagación por injerto de ciruelos (prunus spp), en melocotón (prunus pérsica c.v.) abridor blanco(2012-05-22) Ojeda Paredes, Edison Fabián; Sánchez C, PedroLa investigación se realizó en el caserío Huasimpamba del cantón Pelileo, en la provincia del Tungurahua a 19,7 kilómetros de distancia de Ambato. Sus puntos extremos territoriales son: al norte: 01º 14´11” S, 78º 332´15” W; al sur: 01º 29´43” S, 78º 38´44” W; al este: 01º 29´50” S, 78º 26´36” W y al oeste 01º 21´ 11” S, 78º 35´18” W; a la altitud de 2 653 msnm; con el propósito de: evaluar dos modalidades de injerto (de cuña I1 y de corona I2), de tres variedades de ciruelo (Ciruelo Methley V1, Ciruelo Shiro V2 y Ciruelo Reina Claudia V3), injertados en tres alturas en patrón franco de abridor blanco (10 cm A1, 15 cm A2 y 20 cm A3). Los tratamientos fueron 18. Se usó el diseño de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA), con arreglo factorial de 3 x 2 x 3, con tres repeticiones. Se efectuó el análisis de variancia (ADEVA), pruebas de Tukey al 5%, pruebas de Diferencia mínima significativa al 5% para el factor modalidad de injerto y polinomios ortogonales para el factor alturas de injertación. El análisis económico de los tratamientos se hizo mediante el cálculo de los costos de cada tratamiento. La variedad Ciruelo Reina Claudia (V3), reportó los mejores resultados al obtenerse mayor porcentaje de injertos prendidos (95,68%); mejor longitud del brote a los 120 días (96,37 cm), mayor crecimiento en diámetro del brote a los 90 días (4,02 mm) y a los 120 días (5,48 mm); consecuentemente, estos brotes presentaron mayor número de hojas a los 90 días (34,94 hojas) y a los 120 días (49,54 hojas). Injertar las variedades de ciruelo en patrón franco de abridor blanco de 15 cm de altura (A2), produjo los mejores resultados, obteniéndose mayor porcentaje de injertos prendidos (96,30%), mejor longitud del brote a los 120 días (93,43 cm), mayor diámetro del brote a los 90 días (3,97 mm) y 120 días (5,45 mm) y mayor número de hojas por brote a los 90 días (34,30 hojas) y a los 120 días (45,92 hojas). Del análisis de costos se concluye que, mayor costo total presentaron los tratamientos de la variedad Ciruelo Shiro (V2) ($ 57,70) y el menor costo total la variedad Ciruelo Reina Claudia (V3) ($ 57,48). El mayor costo por planta reportó el tratamiento V2I2A1 ($ 2,93) y el menor costo V3I1A2 y V3I2A2 ($ 2,13).