Ciencias Agropecuarias

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Subject: search.filters.subject.CONTROL DE PLAGAS

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    Conocimiento sobre los métodos de control de plagas agrícolas de los productores de maíz en los cantones Quito y Patate: una comparación
    (2024-02) Lesano Yaguar, Kevin Javier; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
    Maize crop (Zea mays L.) has spread rapidly throughout the world and has become one of the main cereal crops worldwide. As in other important crops, the use of agrochemicals is the main method of pest control, however, little is known about the level of farmers' knowledge about the risk of this type of strategy. In this sense, this research aimed to diagnose the knowledge of agricultural pest control methods of corn farmers in the Quito and Patate cantons. A structured survey was applied to a sample of 40 respondents in each study area. Among the main pests in both areas represented by the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugperda), cutworm (Agrotis spp.), slugs and aphids, chemical control being used as the main pest management method. According to the results, producers in both areas are unaware of or do not give importance to the risks associated with the excessive use of pesticides, such as problems to human, animal, soil and water health. In relation to the factors that determine this behavior, it is included that farmers consider that they are effective products for pest control and that, for Patate producers, they show a rapid effect in control. Finally, the almost total lack of knowledge on the part of farmers about the potential benefit of other strategies such as biological control, use of resistant varieties, among others, was confirmed. The design of training and awareness campaigns for corn producers is recommended to avoid damage to health and the environment. Keywords: pest control, sustainable strategies, corn, Patate, Quito
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    Evaluación del extracto orgánico de ajenjo (Artemisia absinthium L.) en tres concentraciones para controlar el pulgón (Brevicoryne brassicae) en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Itálica)
    (2022-09) Tubon Solís, Carmen Cecilia; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
    The study was carried out at the experimental campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, in Querochaca, belonging to the Technical University of Ambato and located within the following geographical coordinates: 1º 22 ′ 02 ″ of South latitude and 78º 36 ′ 22 ″ of West longitude, with an altitude of 2850 meters above sea level. The plant material was subjected to the following conditions: average temperature of 12.7 ºC, annual precipitation of 632 mm, relative humidity of 76.1% and wind with a speed of 3.3 mm/sec. The research aimed to determine the appropriate concentration of wormwood extract to reduce aphid population (Brevicoryne brassicae) in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) crop. The factor under study was the wormwood extract used in 3 different concentrations (15%, 30% and 45%), additionally a commercial control was used. The analysis of variance was carried out in the experimental design of completely randomized blocks with 4 repetitions. The best result obtained by the Tukey tests with a significance level of 5% was the concentration of 45% (D3); the extract did not interfere with the normal development of the plant, but highly significant levels were observed for the variables incidence (82.5%) and severity (39.25%). The benefit/cost ratio showed us that the D3 treatment with the concentration at 45% obtained the best result; being this 0.26 times more than what was invested
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    Evaluación del avance agroecológico mediante indicadores de sustentabilidad en las fincas de la Unión de Organizaciones Productoras Agroecológicas y Comercialización Asociativa Pacat
    (2014-03-19) Chango Amaguaña, Edisson Fabián; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
    La presente investigación evalúa las fincas de los asociados a la PACAT, considerando diez componentes agroecológicos y 80 indicadores, construidos con la activa participación de sus socios. Para categorizar a las fincas se utilizo la metodología de MESMIS, en tres índices de sostenibilidad, categoría A (sostenible), categoría B(medianamente sostenible) y categoría C (insostenible), Las 92 fincas encuestadas en las tres zonas los resultados finales demuestran que han logrado avances significativos en la mayoría de los componentes agroecológicos con una puntuación promedio en la zona alta de 73,3 puntos, en la zona media de 73,1 y la zona baja de 74,7, esto quiere decir que los fincas de los productores asociados a la PACAT, realizan prácticas agroecológicas dentro de sus fincas, ubicándose en la categoría B (mediamente sostenible); es decir, han empezado a poner en práctica varias de las recomendaciones agroecológicas, observándose ciertos avances y logros. Finalmente se realizaron comparaciones entre las zonas con los diez componentes, se construyeron diagramas radiales de sustentabilidad. En estos se visualizan las potencialidades y limitaciones de cada componente de las fincas agroecológicas de las zonas.