Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Efecto de los fitobióticos orégano (origanum vulgare) y anís (pimpinella anisum) sobre las vellosidades intestinales y los parámetros productivos en cerdos destetados(2024-08) Zúñiga Sánchez, Michael Javier; Burgos Mayorga, Ana RafaelaThis research was conducted to compare the effect of phytobiotics oregano (Origanum vulgare) and anise (Pimpinella anisum) on intestinal villi and productive parameters in weaned pigs, and to assess the cost-benefit relationship of the treatments based on partial costs. The results of the weight test indicate that treatments with oregano (T1) and anise (T2) had a positive impact on the weight gain of weaned pigs compared to the control group (T0), without treatment, over eight weeks. Differences were statistically significant in each analyzed week. In the fourth week, groups T1 and T2 showed significantly higher weights than the control group, with means of 12.91 kg and 12.82 kg compared to 9.88 g, respectively. These effects were maintained and became more pronounced in subsequent weeks, reaching average weights in the eighth week of 29.18 kg for T2 and 25.97 kg for T1, compared to 21.17 kg for the control group. Regarding food consumption, groups T1 and T2 consumed less food than the control group, indicating greater feed efficiency. For example, in the fourth week, consumptions were 0.25 (T1) and 0.23 (T2) compared to 0.30 for the control group. This trend continued in subsequent weeks, with the treated groups maintaining lower food consumption but higher weight gain. In conclusion, treatments with oregano and anise significantly improved the weight and feed efficiency of weaned pigs. Anise treatment showed slight superiority, highlighting its digestive, antimicrobial, and appetite-stimulating properties, which contribute to these results. Implementing anise as an additive in pig feed could be an effective strategy to improve animal performance and health.Item Adición de la harina de limón mandarina (Citrus x limonia) sobre los índices productivos e inmunoglobulinas en cerdos (Sus scrofa domesticus) post destete(2024-08) Ortega Espín, Adriana Denis; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe main objective of this research was to evaluate the addition of Mandarin lemon (Citrus x limonia) flour on productive indices and IgG and IgA immunoglobulins in post-weaning pigs. Four treatments were employed: Control Treatment (T0) without addition of flour; T1: with 0.1%; T2: with 0.2%; and T3: with 0.3% (Citrus x limonia). We used 24 post-weaning pigs of Landrace x Yorkshire crossbreed, 28 days old with initial weights ranging from 5.4 to 6.4 kg. They were distributed into 4 treatments with 6 repetitions each one, with one animal per repetition, using a completely randomized experimental design (DCA). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test at a significance level of 95%, with the statistical software Infostat 2020. The duration of the research work was 28 days, during which weights were recorded at 35, 42, 49, and 56 days of age. Subsequently, blood samples were taken from the jugular vein and sent to the laboratory to determine the levels of serum immunoglobulins IgG and IgA using the immunoturbidimetry technique. No significant results were obtained regarding productive indices in the first three weeks. However, in week four, it was demonstrated that there was a better weight gain ratio and a more favorable feed conversion ratio for T0, while T3 had a higher weight gain and feed conversion ratio, making it the least favorable. In immunology, results were obtained for T0 in IgA and for treatment T2 in IgG. Additionally, a lower incidence of digestive disorders was observed due to antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties.Item Evaluación del aceite de palma y premezcla gluconeogénica sobre el comportamiento productivo en cerdas primíparas(2024-08) Almeida Enríquez, Catherine Belén; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palm oil and a gluconeogenic premix on the productive performance of primiparous sows. The research took place on the premises of the pig producer "Martita" located in the parish of Checa, canton Quito, and province of Pichincha. The study included 10 nulliparous Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows with an average weight of 80 kg +/- 10 kg in which two treatments were tested: T0 = 0% energy replacement (kcal) provided by palm oil, with a gluconeogenic premix and T1 = 100% energy replacement (kcal) provided by palm oil, with a gluconeogenic premix. For each treatment, five repetitions were used per treatment, integrating one sow per repetition. In the comparison of means, the T Student statistical test was used with a confidence level of 95%. The variables analyzed in this study included backfat thickness, feed intake during gestation and lactation, weight gain, piglet weight at birth and weaning, litter size, pre-weaning mortality, weaning-oestrus interval, pregnancy rate and partial costs. The results reported that replacing 100% of the energy provided by palm oil with a gluconeogenic premix significantly impacted cumulative feed intake especially during the last weeks of gestation and at the beginning of the lactation stage. However, it did not significantly affect the average daily feed intake in the two stages. Similarly, T1 considerably reduced backfat thickness during these periods. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in the weight of piglets from sows fed with the gluconeogenic premix, during birth and weaning, being these higher compared to the control group. In addition, the pre-weaning mortality rate was significantly lower in the T1 group. Finally, in the cost analysis, although the total cost was slightly higher for the T1 group due to the higher intake, it should be stressed that the improved results, such as piglet weight and reduced pre-weaning mortality, indicate that the benefits could justify the additional expense.Item Evaluación de IMUN+Animals sobre los parámetros productivos y salud intestinal en cerdos (Sus scrofa domesticus) de recría(2024-02) Biñan Manobanda, Kleiner Leandro; Burgos Mayorga, Ana RafaelaThe aim of this research was to evaluate IMUN+Animals on productive parameters (weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, morbidity, mortality) and intestinal health in rearing pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). This research was carried out in Ambato, Izamba parish, Tungurahua province. We worked with 30 rearing pigs established in three treatments: a control group (T0) free of product, treatment 1 (T1) with IMUN+Animals at a dose of 0.20% in drinking water from weaning to 12 kg live weight (LW), and finally a treatment 2 (T2) with a reducing dose, 0.20% in drinking water up to 12 kg LW, then 0.10% up to 17 kg LW, and 0.05% up to 30 kg LW, the doses were recommended by the manufacturer and considering the doses of similar products marketed in Ecuador. The results obtained suggest that there are no differences between the use of the product and control group (T0). Only total weight gain showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.013), with the control (T0) showing the best performance. Regarding the clinical evaluation carried out weekly on the animals, no changes were observed during the experiment, so the mortality and morbidity values were 0% in all groups. Feces showed differences between groups, being solid and well formed in the group that received the product during the entire rearing phase (T2) and in T1 while receiving the product, but soft and well formed in the control group (T0) and in treatment 1 (T1) once the administration of the product has concluded. The analysis of intestinal villi and crypt depth showed no difference between groups. In conclusion, the administration of IMUN+Animals does not improve the productive parameters of pigs in the rearing phase under the doses applied in this study, however, it is estimated that it can improve the consistency and presentation of feces in the treated animals, which suggests better intestinal function. Keywords: Phytobiotics, vitamins, rearing pigs, intestinal health, production parameters.