Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Factores de riesgos asociados a la prevalencia de enteroparásitos e histoparásitos en suinos faenados en el camal de Baños de Agua Santa(2024-11) Nasamuez Muñoz Cinthya Dayanara; Núñez Torres Oscar PatricioThe present study focuses on the need to determine the risk factors associated to the prevalence of enteroparasites and histoparasites in pigs slaughtered in the Camal Municipal de Baños de Agua Santa, since the presence of parasites is the cause of various diseases in said animals affecting to the quality of the meat. The post-mortem inspection of the gastrointestinal tract and muscle tissues was carried out in order to evaluate the presence or absence of parasitosis, for which there was a population of 1012 pigs that were slaughtered in the slaughterhouse, then descriptive statistics were used considering the frequency, histograms, using SPSS software. When evaluating the prevalence of parasitic in the present investigation, it was reported that only 173 positive samples were obtained, representing 17.1%, of which the highest prevalence according to sex occurs in males with 59.5%, the prevalence of parasites according to age was occurs in animals. with less than a year is 89%, this implies the lack of deworming during the development and completion stages, this entails economic losses for producers. A higher percentage of parasites was reported in animals from Zaruma (44.5%). According to sex, in the present investigation, a greater presence of Ascaris is seen in males with 56%, this being the main parasite causing economic losses, causing a setback in the development of pigs. According to the risk factors and management that are present in the production systems used determine the prevalence of the parasite load, it is important to consider that the parasites found in this research are of great importance and may even be transmissible. to humans.Item Bienestar animal y calidad de carne antes y después del faenamiento en ovinos del Camal Municipal de Ambato(2024-11) Soria Rojas Mónica Abigail; Vargas Burgos Julio CesarThe titled study addresses the relevance of animal welfare and the quality of sheep meat in the context of the Camal Municipal de Ambato, Ecuador. The growing demand for sheep meat and consumer expectations in terms of quality and animal welfare pose significant challenges for the livestock industry in the region. Evaluate animal welfare and sheep meat quality before and after slaughter to identify areas for improvement in handling and transportation practices. An observational and descriptive study was carried out, using a simple random sampling of sheep slaughtered in one month. Parameters such as body condition, live weight, carcass yield. The data were analyzed with SPSS software, applying Student t' tests and analysis of variance. The results indicate that sheep transported from greater distances and in unsuitable vehicles have higher levels of stress, reflected in a greater incidence of DFD (dark, firm and dry) meat. Furthermore, proper management practices, such as the use of effective stunning methods, positively influence meat quality and animal welfare. The study highlights the importance of implementing humane transportation and handling practices to improve animal welfare and the quality of sheep meat in the Ambato Municipal Camal. These improvements not only benefit producers and consumers, but also contribute to the sustainability and competitiveness of sheep production in the region.Item Prevalencia de Fasciola hepática en bovinos faenados en el Camal municipal del Cantón Pelileo Provincia de Tungurahua en el período Marzo-Mayo del 2024(2024-11) Carranza Arévalo Álvaro Iván; Almeida Secaira Roberto IsmaelFasciolosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica, which is considered a tropical disease that threatens the productivity of ruminants due to the economic losses associated with the presence of the parasite. The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in cattle slaughtered at the municipal slaughterhouse of the Pelileo Canton, Tungurahua Province, was evaluated in the period March-May 2024. The study was carried out through macroscopic observation of livers obtained from cattle slaughtered at the slaughterhouse and the possible association between the sex and origin of the animal on the predisposition to the presence of the parasite was evaluated using a Pearson association test (𝜒2). From a total of 1,622 animals sampled, the overall prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in the dataset was found to be 8.08%, which corresponds to 131 animals that presented symptoms of the disease. In relation to the place of origin, the highest prevalence was observed in cattle from Salcedo, Chiquicha parish, Ambato and El Rosario with values of 9.9%, 9.8%, 9.7% and 9.6%, respectively, which are considered moderate values, while in Bolívar, the prevalence was the lowest (4.5%). No association was found between sex and prevalence, with percentages of 43.9% in males and 45.3% in females (𝜒2=0.243). The total value in liver losses, considering the price per kilo and the number of positive animals for each group was $2,728.00 during the study period, making a ratio of 100% of slaughtered livers (1,622 units), a loss of 8.08% due to confiscations is obtained. Given the prevalence of the parasite in livestock in the production areas of the Sierra zone, the development and implementation of training programs for small and medium producers on the management of F. hepatica in their production units is recommended.Item Estudio retrospectivo de las causas de decomiso en la empresa Metropolitana de Rastro agencia Quito durante los años 2022 – 2023(2024-08) Castillo Vargas, Marcelo Gabriel; Lozada Ortiz, Jenny PiedadThe present retrospective study of the causes of confiscation in the company Metropolitana de Rastro agency Quito during the years 2022-2023. Its main objective was to analyze the causes of confiscation in the company Metropolitana de Rastro agency Quito during the years 2022-2023. To achieve this objective, a retrospective study was carried out that involved the analysis of records from the Agency for Phyto and Zoosanitary Regulation and Control, recorded in the Antemortem Inspection form in Slaughterhouses – Cattle, Pigs, Sheep/Goats, Camelids, Guinea Pigs and Rabbits of the Metropolitan Public Company of Rastro Agencia Quito. After analyzing the data collected, it was identified that in the case of cattle, Santo Domingo is the leading region in production, as for pigs, the cities of Pichincha and Cotopaxi were; In the case of sheep, the province of Cotopaxi stood out as the first producer of sheep meat. On the other hand, in the case of cattle, an increase in the percentage of confiscation is observed, going from 42% in 2022 to 45% in 2023. Distomatosis is the main cause of confiscation. For pigs, the percentage of confiscated organs remains high, with a slight increase of 1% in 2023. Liver disorders and ascariasis are the main causes of confiscation. Regarding sheep, a decrease is observed in the percentage of organs confiscated in 2023, although ospagostomiasis remains an important cause of confiscation in both years.Item Estudio faneróptico, rendimiento y clasificación de las canales bovinas faenadas en el camal Municipal de la ciudad de Ambato(2024-02) Paucar Naranjo, Dayana Michelle; Carrillo Álvarez, Israel SalomónThe objective of this research was to evaluate the phaneroptic characteristics, yield and classification of the carcasses of crossbred cattle slaughtered at the Municipal slaughterhouse of Ambato, the total sample was 500 cattle, of which 360 were Holstein crossbreeds, 361 males and 139 females, 236 of the animals had a body condition index 3, The phaneroptic characteristics of the cattle showed that the dominant coat color was bicolor with 408 animals, 366 cattle had black snouts and 225 black hooves, 80 females had pink udders and the scrotal color of the males was also pink with a total of 261 animals, finally 398 cattle had no umbilical fold and 471 had no dewlap. The average live weight was 327.26 kg, with males weighing 333.19 kg and females only 186.081 kg; with respect to carcass yield, there was an average of 50.28%, of which 51.30% in males and 28.31% in females. The Spearman correlation statistical analysis was highly significant *** p≤ 0.01 between the variables: phaneroptic (coat color, nose color, hoof color, udder color, presence of umbilical fold and dewlap), body condition and carcass yield of mestizo cattle slaughtered in the Municipal Camal of Ambato. Keywords: Cattle, Phaneroptic, Body condition, Live weight, Carcass yield, Carcass classificationItem Análisis de las alteraciones anatomopatológicas durante la inspección post mortem en bovinos faenados en el Camal Municipal de la ciudad de Ambato(2023-03) Chonata Naranjo, Andrés Sebastián; Almeida Secaira, Roberto IsmaelThis research was carried out at the Municipal Cold Storage Plant in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua. The research process lasted 2 months (March 28 to May 28, 2022), the field work was based on the examination of anatomopathological lesions in seized viscera belonging to slaughtered cattle. The following results were obtained: as a first point, the anatomopathological findings found with a percentage of 40% of the lesion with more seizures corresponded to the pathology Distomatosis, followed by hepatic abscess with 15%, and Cirrhosis with the remaining 10%. With respect to pulmonary lesions, there were two main ones: hemorrhagic lung with 13% and pulmonary emphysema with 8%, all of them causing seizures in slaughtered cattle. According to the anatomopathological findings recorded, the total number of animals with lesions was classified according to age and sex, placing adult males (bulls) as the sex with more pathologies causing veterinary condemnation, leading the cases of Distomatosis and Hepatic Abscess; with respect to Cirrhosis and Hemorrhagic Lung, adult females (cows) lead the way. Finally, the main territorial areas of origin of the animals with more cases of anatomopathological lesions were determined, which are the reason for confiscation presented in the post-mortem examination of cattle that were slaughtered in the Municipal slaughterhouse of the city of Ambato. The highest number of cases was found in the province of Tungurahua, Píllaro canton, where the cattle with the most lesions come from, accounting for 35% of the totalnumber of cases in the canton to which it belongs.