Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Interacción Suelo, Planta, Animal en el Contexto de Dos Sistemas Productivos Desarrollados en Ambientes Ecológicos Diferentes(2024-02) Salazar Través, Cristian Joel; Quinteros Pozo, Orlando RobertoIn the search for more biologically and economically sustainable production systems, the understanding of soil-plant-animal interaction seems to be a relevant element when making decisions. That is why in this work it is proposed to know the relationship of land-plant-livestock, emphasizing the evaluation of some components in a systemic way, as well as the effect that grasslands have on the quality and productivity of the cow. The UPSE production system is located on the extension of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Peninsula de Santa Elena State University, located in the Manglaralto parish, based on free grazing with Llanero pastures, (Brachiaria dictyoneura). The UTA Production System is located in the Experimental Farm of the Technical University of Ambato, Querochaca Campus, located in the canton of Cevallos, based on rotational grazing with kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures, the parameters of pH and content of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron, (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) were sampled in a single soil sample, collected in the pasture area dedicated to cattle grazing of the two systems. the content of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P), in a single plant sample, collected in the area the content of the minerals Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P), Urea, and Total Proteins (T.P.) in the blood serum of cattle from the two production systems under study was evaluated. This leads to the conclusion that both grass covers in the case of the two production systems can contribute to generating better responses from the animal components, closing the different cycles that allow grasses and legumes to interact in the soil environment with a direct effect on the grazing animal. This approach to understanding the soil-plantanimal interaction is important in order to contrast the best alternative from the productive point of view and at the same time that can be incorporated by producers into their local agronomic practices. Keywords: interaction, production system, free grazing, rotational grazing, ecological environmentsItem Efecto de la planta hospedera sobre el potencial de daño de Oligonychus yothersi (McGregor, 1914)(2023-03) Punina De La Cruz, Erika Micaela; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisMites belonging to family Tetranychidae are widely distributed worldwide, in which around 1250 species have been reported, with Oligonychus yothersi being one of the important species in agricultural production. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the host plant on the damage potential of O. yothersi by studying duration of the life cycle, reproductive parameters and longevity and parameters of the life tables on peach, apple and rose leaves under laboratory conditions in the Entomology laboratory, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (21°C ± 1.14°C, 52% ± 9.28% HR). The biological cycle of O. yothersi reared on peach, apple, and rose leaves under laboratory conditions showed differences in the duration of some development stages, where the stages from egg to chrysalis were evidently shorter in peach and apple. Regarding the reproductive parameters, it was observed that the preoviposition time was shorter when the mite was reared on peach leaves, while no differences were observed on apple and rose leaves. In the case of the oviposition, postoviposition, fecundity, and longevity periods, again the maximum values were observed in peach leaves, followed by apple, and rose leaves, which shows that peach plants could offer the best characteristics for the development of O. yothersi. Finally, the parameters of the life tables also showed differences in the net reproduction rate (Ro) 39.44 in peach, mean generation time (T) (days) 18.58 in apple, intrinsic rate of increase (rm) 0 04 in peach, in the case of finite growth rate (λ) (1.01) there was no difference. Based on the parameters, it is suggested that peach is a potential host for O. yothersi.Item Evaluación de la productividad en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) mediante la aplicación de abonos orgánicos en Santa Rosa-Tungurahua(2023-03) Mazabanda Chicaiza, Erika Lizbeth; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the productivity through the application of organic fertilizers in the cultivation of blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in the Santa Rosa parish, San Pablo Community, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. For this research, the application of four organic fertilizers was carried out: chicken manure, sheep, guinea pig and E-EMAPA biosolids, at a dose of (5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) for each of the treatments. For the analysis of results, a randomized complete block design was used with a 4x2+1 factorial arrangement, with three repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed by means of ADEVA and the Tukey test at 5%. According to the field test and the statistical analysis, it was possible to determine that the highest results were: for the shoots per plant variable, the best treatment was A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 7.56 shoots/plant; for the variable inflorescences per plant, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 21.00 inflorescences/plant; for the fruit per plant variable, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 15.56 fruit/plant; for the variable content of soluble solids, the treatment A1B1 (Manure chicken manure at a dose of (5 t/ha) with an average of 7.24 content of soluble solids (°Brix); for the variable yield per plant, the treatment A4B1 ( Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average yield of 74.86 grams per plant, therefore, a minimum production increase of 20% is evident when applying the E-EMAPA biosolids in the blackberry crop.Item Evaluación de dosis y frecuencias de microorganismos efectivos), en la lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) variedad Great Lakes como bio compensadores de suelo y planta(2018) Alvarez Altamirano, Oswaldo Danilo; Beltrán, OctavioThe research was carried out in the Experimental Farm Querochada, of the Technical University of Ambato, located in the canton of Cevallos province of Tungurahua. The geographical coordinates are: Latitude 1º 22` 20 "S. Longitude 78º 36` 22" W, at the altitude of 2 868 masl; in order to: evaluate three doses (10 ml / 10 l D1, 20 ml / 10 l D2 and 40 ml / 10 l D3) and four application frequencies (every 7 days F1, every 14 days F2, every 21 days F3 and every 28 days F4) of effective microorganisms as a soil and plant biocompensator in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) variety Great lakes; besides carrying out the economic analysis of the treatments. The treatments were 12 that received microorganisms and a control which did not receive it. The variance analysis, Tukey significance tests at 5% and orthogonal polynomials with correlation calculation and regression for the application frequency factor were performed. The economic analysis of the treatments was carried out applying the cost benefit ratio (RBC) method. The application in the dose of 20 ml / 10 l (D2), produced the best results, with greater growth in plant height at the end of the trial (24.39 cm), as better growth in diameter of the cabbage (15.17 cm) ). The weight of the cabbages increased (0.77 kg); as well as the length of the root system (13.50 cm), consequently the yield of the crop was better (189.10 kg / treatment). The application of microorganisms with the frequency of every 14 days (F2), produced the best results, with greater growth in plant height (23.91 cm), better growth in diameter of the cabbage (15.27 cm), being these greater weight (0.76 kg). The length of the root system increased (14.00 cm), reporting the highest yields (187.95 kg / treatment). From the economic analysis it is concluded that, the D2F2 treatment (20 ml / 10 l, every 14 days), reached the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1.07 where the net benefits obtained were 1.07 times what was invested, being from the point of economic view the treatment of greater profitability.