Ciencias Agropecuarias

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870

Browse

Filters

2017 - 201912020 - 20244

Settings

Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.MANEJO SUSTENTABLE

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación de productos para el manejo de Alternaria spp. en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
    (2024-02) Moreta Manobanda, Luis Miguel; Valle Velastegui, Edgar Luciano
    In this study, products were evaluated for the management of (Alternaria spp.) in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). For this purpose, the effect of two doses of Ozbrand (2 and 4 cm3/l), an ozonated oil with fungicidal properties, was tested and compared with a chemical fungicide (Acord at doses of 0.5 and 1 cm3/l). The variables evaluated were percentage of incidence and severity of the disease, weight and diameter of the head, and crop yield. The incidence in plants treated with ozonated oil (Ozbrand) varied between 23.4 and 26.0%, which meant a reduction of 36.3 and 42.6%, compared to the control treatment, while, in severity, when it was used at the highest dose (4 cm3/l), this product showed results comparable to those obtained with the use of the chemical fungicide. Furthermore, it was observed that the use of Ozbrand at the highest dose (4 cm3/l) allowed obtaining the maximum value of pellet diameter, with values of 20.5 cm, followed by the same product applied at the lowest dose (2 cm3/l), which produced similar results to when the chemical fungicide (Acord) was used at the highest dose (1.0 cm3/l), with which 18.8 and 17.8 cm were obtained, respectively. A similar trend was observed in relation to pellet weight, which was evidenced in the highest yield in plants treated with Ozbrand at a dose of 4 cm3/l (5.3 tn/ha), followed by plants treated with the same product at the lowest dose (4.3 tn/ha). Based on the results, the use of ozonated oil is recommended to control Alternaria leaf spot. Keywords: ozonated oil, broccoli, leaf spot, sustainable management
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Valoración del conocimiento de los productores de hortalizas sobre el manejo sustentable de plagas agrícolas en la parroquia Izamba
    (2023-03) Quiña Telenchana, Jessica Gabriela; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
    Agricultural production constantly faces phytosanitary problems, such as pest attacks, which put crop productivity at risk. Therefore, one of the most commonly used practices for pest management is the use of chemical pesticides despite the well-known negative effects on human health and the ecosystem. In the present study, an attempt to assess the knowledge of vegetable producers about the management of agricultural pests was made in the Izamba parish. For the study, a structured survey with open and closed questions was applied to the producers. A high percentage of farmers considered that, although there are benefits derived from the use of chemical pesticides, they also pointed out negative aspects such as the need for training for their management and that they are also potentially dangerous when handling them and harmful to the environment. Also, it was evidenced that farmers know about other control alternatives, since 71% of the respondents said they applied some other pest management alternative, among which they indicated the use of cultural practices, biological control practices and/or traps with pheromones, as well as the use of homemade botanical extracts. Given the importance of evaluating the level of knowledge of farmers about the risks of the use of chemical products in the management of agricultural pests, it is suggested to develop similar investigations in different agricultural items in the province of Tungurahua in order to develop strategies of education on the best use of this strategy.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación del aceite agrícola para el control del pulgón (Brevicory brassicae) en la col morada (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata f. rubra)
    (2023-03) Enríquez Cevallos, Ericka Lisseth; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
    Aphids represent a serious threat to the production of different species of the Brassicaceae group worldwide, including the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, which can cause significant economic losses. Therefore, the use of synthetic pesticides is required, which has resulted in the development of pest resistance and effects on human health and the environment, for which the use of mineral oils or agricultural oils can offer results that could be used in the control of pest insects in different crops. In this regard, in the present study the effect of agricultural oil on the control of the aphid, B. brassicae in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) was evaluated. The effect of different doses (7.5, 10.0 and 12.5 cc/l) of the agricultural oil applied at different ages of the crop (80, 90 and 100 days after transplantation) on the effectiveness in the aphid management was evaluated. The trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with the treatments in a factorial arrangement in which the first factor was represented by the dose of agricultural oil, the second factor the date of application. Initial population of B. brassicae varied from 122.3 to 284.5 aphids/plant, while after 10 days of application (90 days of cultivation) the population was significantly low, reaching only 88.3 aphids on plants where agricultural oil was applied at the 7.5 cc/l, while at doses 10 and 12.5 cc/l, the number of aphids reached 49.8 and 60.8 aphids/plant, respectively. After 100 days of cultivation, the population showed a slight increase, reaching between 113.6 and 172.6 aphids/plant at a dose of 7.5 and 10.0 cc/l, respectively. The greatest effectiveness was observed with the doses of 10 and 12.5 cc/l, with which the percentage of effectiveness varied from 72.16 and 78.43% with the application 80 days of the crop. Similarly, the effectiveness increased to 84.91 and 85.74 %, with the highest dose (12.5 cc/l) applied at 90 and 100 days of culture. A similar effect was observed during the second and third application of agricultural oil. According to the Probit analysis, an LD50 of 11.513 cc/l was observed with a slope for the dose-mortality curve of 4.788 ± 0.679. In conclusion, an effect of the dose was observed, but not of the moment of application of the agricultural oil on the control efficiency of the cabbage aphid, for which it is suggested to incorporate its use in a pest management program in cabbage crop.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Diagnóstico del manejo sustentable de plagas agrícolas por los agricultores de la comunidad Manguihua Cochapamba Katitawa de la parroquia Salasaka
    (2022-09) Chango Sailema, Sandra Verónica; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos Luis
    The agricultural tradition of the Salasaka community is characterized by its ancestral heritage, closely linked to its natural environment, which is maintained from generation to generation for its economic development. However, agricultural production is based on the indiscriminate use of chemical inputs, agricultural mechanization and the intensification of monoculture, which reduce the productive capacity of agricultural land, and together produce soil degradation and water pollution. In this study, perception of farmers from Salasaka (province of Tungurahua) in relation to the use of chemical pesticides was evaluated, as well as their knowledge about the strategies of sustainable management of agricultural pests. For this, a cross-sectional study was carried out through the application of a structured questionnaire applied to agricultural producers of the Manguihua Cochapamba Katitawa Community, Salasaka. Among the results, 60% of the farmers considered that pesticides are effective for the control of pests and diseases, quickly, and also increase productivity and stimulate plant growth. However, farmers also perceive negative aspects such as high cost (73.3%), potential damage when handling them (46.7%) and causing damage to the environment (73.3%). Although a high proportion of farmers stated that they knew about sustainable pest control alternatives, a very low percentage said they had used this type of strategy. This highlights the need for the development and implementation of training that shows the potential of these sustainable practices in order to achieve environmentally friendly agriculture.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Efecto del extracto etanólico de Annona cherimola en el control de Oligonychus coffeae (NIETNER, 1861) (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE)
    (2017) Gavilanes Gavilanes, Cristian Rafael; Vásquez, Carlos
    Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) is considered an economic importance pest in coffee trees and other crops from tropical and subtropical regions so that constant methods of control are required. In this study, the acaricidal effect of different extract doses obtained from leaf and seed of Annona cherimola (625, 1250, 2500, 5000 and 10000 mL/L) on mortality rate, oviposition rate and fecundity in O. coffeae females under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of extracts was evaluated using the residual contact technique in rearing units using coffee leaf discs. Mortality, oviposition and fecundity of O. coffeae females were affected by type and concentration of extract. Highest mortality rate was achieved with the application of seed extract. Additionally, it caused oviposition decrease by 46.7 or 82.5% with the seed extract at 625 mL/L and 10,000 mL/L, respectively, while the leaf extract, decreasing varied from 29.9 to 62.0% at 625 and 10000 mL/L. Seed extract was also more effective in reducing the fecundity of O. coffeae females (28.9 eggs/female), as compared to females treated with leaf extract (36.1 eggs/female). The results showed that cherimoya could be a sustainable alternative for the management of O. coffeae populations in coffee plantations, however field studies are suggested to validate laboratory studies.