Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de fuentes de ácidos húmicos sobre la respuesta fisiológica en la formación de plantas de rosa (Rosa sp).(2024-08) Albuja Torres, Bryan Mauricio; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThese humic substances are known to be stable carbon chains that have various chemical, biological and physical effects on the soil, they can also have positive effects directly on the development of plants. The objective of this research was, “Evaluate sources of humic acids on the physiological response in the formation of rose plants (Rosa sp)”. The effect of humic acids (Biohumic Fill, Pacha Mama) on the physiological response in the formation of rose plants (Rosa sp.) was evaluated. Finished the data collection part of the variables; bud sprouting time, stem length, stem diameter, chlorophyll measurement and nitrogen quantification, in the time span of 30 days, that humic acids fulfilled in the physiological development of the formation of rose plants (Rosa sp.). The experimental work was carried out on the premises of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. The experimental design of randomized blocks in a 2x3+1 factorial arrangement with three repetitions was used. The Infostat statistical program was used. It was evaluated that the best Humic Acid in the physiological response in the formation of rose plants (Rosa sp) was the Biohumic Fill product with a recommended dose of 5 cc/L.Item Efecto de tres fórmulas de fertilización sobre la respuesta morfofisiológica, componente del rendimiento y calidad de frutos de (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)(2023-03) Castro Aldaz, Verónica Margarita; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesThe blueberry is a crop that is booming in international markets, although in Ecuador its planting is very incipient, the fruit farmers of the Sierra have begun to diversify their production with this fruit and, in the year 2021, the production was of 750 tons in approximately 50 hectares in seven provinces of the country, it is known as "the super fruit of the 21st century." Ecuador has many opportunities to become a destination for agro-export investment in this crop; Due to its geographical position, it allows us to develop competitive fruits, and it has qualified labor. It is for them that the following investigation was carried out with the objective of analyzing the effect of three fertilization formulas on the morphophysiological response, component of the yield and quality of fruits of (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) variety Biloxi in the Montalvo parish. A completely randomized design (DBCA) was used with a 3 x 2 + 3 control factorial arrangement, with three repetitions with the application of fertigation accompanied by Biocat-15, in the blueberry crop, where the variables plant height, stem diameter, yield, days to harvest, polar diameter of the fruit, equatorial diameter of the fruit, number of fruits per plant, classification of fruits, number of stems per plant and water consumption. The addition of Biocat-15 in a dose of 2 cc/l had a potentiating effect, since in the F1 + 2cc of Biocat-15 a better result was obtained both in height and in performance with a value of 68.19cm and 211.13 g respectively, compared to T3 (Absolute control, without fertilizer and without Biocat-15 humic acids), which obtained a value of 62.17 cm and 115.93 gr.Item Evaluación del efecto bioestimulante del ácido fúlvico en el comportamiento agronómico del racimo de tomate riñón (Solanum lycopersicum Mill), en invernadero(2023-02) Delgado Montesdeoca, Ernesto EfraínIn Ecuador, the cultivation of kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill) is produced intensively, under greenhouse conditions and using high doses of fertilizers that exceed the nutritional needs required to obtain satisfactory productions, as a result, this excess has left consequences such as deterioration and desertification of the soil and in addition to affecting the economic aspect for which the trend of sustainable agriculture has been generated. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine the "biostimulant effect of fulvic acid on the agronomic behavior of the kidney tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill)" under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks (DBCA), with four treatments T1 (absolute control), T2 (500 g/ha), T3 (1000 g/ha) and T4 (1500 g/ha) arranged in three repetitions; the variables of stem height and diameter at 45, 60 and 135 days, the number of fruits at 50, 65 and 80 days after transplanting, the size of the fruit, production and yield were also evaluated. The data collected during the development of the crop were statistically analyzed by the ANOVA test with a p < 0.05 on the established dates, the best results obtained in the variable height and stem diameter after transplanting at 135 days correspond to T4 (1500 g /ha of fulvic acids) with values of 170.8 cm and 1.38 cm respectively, but nevertheless there was T3 (1000 g/ha of fulvic acids) with 168.13 cm and 1.36 cm and also T2 (500 g/ha of fulvic acids) with values of 167.97 cm and 1.27 cm respectively, obtained favorable results in terms of the variables mentioned, with respect to the number of fruits after transplanting at 80 days, the best treatments were T4 with 21.13, T3 with 18.10, T2 with 14.90 and T1 with 13.17; As regards the fruit size variable, there was no significant difference and finally, in the economic analysis, the best Cost-Benefit ratio-1 corresponds to T4 with $1.89, that is, for each dollar invested, a profit of $0.89 US dollars is obtained, while that T3 presents a Benefit Cost-1 ratio of $1.65 whose profit is $0.65 cents for each dollar invested by the farmer, T2 presents a Benefit Cost-1 ratio of $1.42 whose profit is 0.42 cents for each dollar invested and T1 presents a Benefit-Cost-1 ratio of $0.96, that is, of the dollar invested, only $0.96 is recovered with a return of -4.02%. Descriptors: Fulvic acids. Humic acids, Biostimulant, complexing agent, chelating agent, staking, F1 hybrid varieties, Solanum lycopersicum Mill, pruning, draining, kidney tomato.Item Evaluación de sustratos con la adición de ácidos húmicos para la producción de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) var. pietro(2022-09) Yucailla Masabanda, Luis Alberto; Guerrero Cando, David AníbalWith the continuous use of commonly used substrates, the low germination rate of seeds and low-quality seedlings has become present, therefore, these seedlings will not be available for sale, affecting the producers of this sector. In this experiment, six treatments and two controls were evaluated, the treatments consisted of organic substrates (peat and coconut fiber) plus the incorporation of humic acid in three different doses (2%, 4% and 6%), proportions that adjust to 100% of the total volume of the substrate, the two controls were composed entirely of peat and coconut fiber, respectively. An experimental design of completely randomized blocks (DBCA) was used, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates plus 2 controls. An analysis of variance (ANAVAR) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were applied for the comparison between treatments, and comparison between peat substrate and coconut fiber substrate. The treatment prepared with 98% peat + 2% humic acid showed the best results in the variables analyzed. For plant height at 35 days reached 7.57 cm, the stem diameter was greater among all treatments, as in the one reported at 35 days (2.13 mm). Likewise, the root volume of the seedlings of this treatment obtained a more significant result (2.24 cc), also standing out in the development of leaf area (12.21 cm2). Similarly, the cost of production per treatment and per seedling was 0.12 US cents, a value shared by all treatments. This cost was directly influenced by the number of seedlings obtained, which in turn is related to the germination percentage of each treatment.Item Evaluación de la aplicación de extracto de algas marinas (Ascophyllum nodosum) y ácidos húmicos en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica)(2022-09) Toapanta Chicaiza, Jhony Fernando; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoThe present research work was carried out on the property of Mrs. Gloria Chicaiza, located in the Quinta Niña María neighbourhood, belonging to the parish of La Matriz in the canton of Píllaro, province of Tungurahua. The objective of the research was to determine the type of organic fertilizer and the appropriate dose that would increase broccoli crop yields. The study factors used were: seaweed extract (F1) and humic acids (F2) at a concentration of D1 (1 g/L), D2 (1.5 g/L) and D3 (2 g/L), with a frequency of application of 15 and 30 days after transplanting for each treatment. The experimental design used was a split plot design, with the main plot being the organic fertilizers and the subplots the doses structured in randomized blocks with a total of 6 treatments with 3 replications. In addition, an analysis of variance (ADEVA) was used to determine differences between treatments, Tukey's test and the Kruskal Wallis test at 5% with which the means of the treatments were compared. Based on the statistical analyses carried out, it was determined that the treatment with the best results was the organic fertilizer based on humic acids F2 at a concentration of D3 of 2 g/L, which registered average values of 4.64 cm in stem diameter, 12.58 cm in the diameter of the pellet, 0.36 kg in the weight of the pellet and 13342, 66 Kg/ha of crop yield, however in the plant height variable there are no significant differences, so the highest results are shared by the F1D3 treatment (seaweed extract with a dose of 2 g/L) with an average of 82.79 cm and the F2D3 treatment (humic acids with a dose of 2 g/L) with an average value of 82.10 cm.Item Evaluación del efecto a la aplicación de ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica)(2014-03-17) Zamora Vaca, Franklin Vinicio; Valle V, LucianoLa investigación se llevó a cabo en la Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca, de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, situada en el cantón Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua, a la latitud de 1º 22”02” Sur y longitud de 78º 36´ 22´´ Oeste, con altitud de 2 850 msnm; con el propósito de: determinar el efecto sobre los híbridos de brócoli Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica, (Avenger H1 y Legacy H2), con aplicación de ácidos húmicos o fúlvicos (Humimax A1 y Pieler humus A2) en dos dosis (1 l/ha D1 y 2 l/ha D2), con mejor rendimiento de la pella. Se empleó el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA), en parcelas divididas, con arreglo factorial 2 x 2 x 2, con tres repeticiones, asignando las parcelas principales al factor híbridos. Los tratamientos fueron ocho, producto de la combinación de los factores en estudio. Se efectuó el análisis de variancia (ADEVA); pruebas de significación de Tukey al 5% y pruebas de Diferencia Mínima Significativa al 5% para los factores híbridos, ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos y dosis de aplicación. El análisis económico de los tratamientos se realizó aplicando el método de la relación beneficio costo (RBC). El híbrido de brócoli que mejores resultados reportó fue Avenger (H1), presentando mayor crecimiento, desarrollo de las plantas y mejor calidad de pellas, al observarse en las plantas de éstos tratamientos: mayor crecimiento en altura de planta a los 30 días (24,84 cm), a los 60 días (55,46 cm) y a los 90 días (66,21 cm). El crecimiento en diámetro de tallo fue mejor, tanto a los 30 días (0,94 cm), como a los 60 días (2,97 cm) y a los 90 días (3,97 cm), por lo que se obtuvieron pellas de mayor diámetro ecuatorial (30,56 cm) y con mejor peso (727,93 g); consecuentemente se alcanzaron los mayores rendimientos (21,44 t/ha). Con respecto a ácidos húmicos y fúlvicos, se comprobó que, la aplicación de Pieler humus (A2), produjo los mejores resultados, provocando mayor crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, como también mejor calidad de las pellas, obteniéndose en los tratamientos que lo recibieron: mayor altura de planta a los 60 días (51,99 cm) y a los 90 días (60,68 cm), mejor diámetro ecuatorial de la pella (29,19 cm), con mayor peso de la pella (597,12 g) y los más altos rendimientos (18,09 t/ha). En relación a dosis de aplicación de los ácidos húmicos, se observó que, en general, todos los tratamientos que recibieron aplicación de fertilizantes en la dosis de 2 l/ha (D2), reportaron los mejores resultados, al obtenerse plantas con mayor crecimiento en altura a los 60 días (51,29 cm) y a los 90 días (61,92 cm), con pellas de mejor diámetro ecuatorial (29,63 cm), lo que incidió en la obtención de pellas de mayor peso (593,25 g), consecuentemente fueron los tratamientos de mayor rendimiento (18,04 t/ha). Del análisis económico se concluye que, el tratamiento H1A2D1 (híbrido Avenger, Pieler humus 1 l/ha), alcanzó la mayor relación beneficio costo de 1,11, en donde los beneficios netos obtenidos fueron 1,11 veces lo invertido, siendo desde el punto de vista económico el tratamiento de mayor rentabilidad.