Carrera de Biotecnología

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/34800

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Item
    Extracción de celulosa a partir de estiércol de vaca y conejo mediante procesos fisicoquímicos y mecánicos para la elaboración de filtros
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Paredes Cruz, Eder Ariel; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
    Cellulose, a highly bioavailable polymer, is primarily obtained from wood species, with a projected global demand of 142 billion tons by 2030. This increase in consumption, driven by various industries, poses risks to biodiversity due to forest expansion. To address this issue, the feasibility of extracting cellulose from manure generated by the livestock and rabbit farming sector was explored. The cellulose recovery from manure was carried out using the alkaline pulping method with sodium hydroxide; a pressing process was employed for the production of cellulose filters. Additionally, the filters underwent various feasibility tests to demonstrate their efficiency. Despite the challenges of the process, cellulose extraction yields of 45.07 percent, 32.18 percent, and 40 percent were achieved from rabbit, cow, and a mixture of both manures, respectively. The cellulose pulp exhibited optimal pH values between 7.9 and 8.20, with alpha cellulose contents exceeding 75 percent in all three treatments. The filters-maintained sterility with optimal levels of moisture (less than 1 percent) and ashes (less than 4.5 percent) over time. IR spectra indicated similarities with commercial cellulose, with variations attributable to the animal diet and intestinal microbiota. Ultimately, the filters demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 81 percent in retaining particles larger than 0.0625 mm.
  • Item
    Efecto de la adición de lodos centrifugados de la PTAR – Ambato sobre el proceso de biodigestión de residuos verdes provenientes de mercados
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Cayo Almache, José Alexis; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    In Ecuador there is no adequate waste collection system, a large amount of this waste ends up returning to the streets and rivers. The accumulation of these organic waste can generate various environmental problems if adequate treatment is not carried out. In this project, the biodigestion of organic matter from markets was studied, and the effect of the addition of centrifuged sludge from the WWTP - Ambato on the generation of biogas was identified. For this, four biodigesters were operated during the 12 weeks, which all started the same. The biodigesters initially contained the same components: inoculum (ten percent by volume), basal medium (sixty percent by volume) and liquefied green waste (thirty percent by volume). From the third week onwards, the biodigesters were fed with basal medium and green waste for the controls, while centrifuged sludge was added to the feed for the others. The analyzes showed a high concentration of nutrients in the centrifuged sludge (phosphorus, nitrogen and magnesium) that contribute to the microbiological transformation of organic matter into methane. Likewise, it was determined that the concentration of heavy metals such as chromium and cadmium, which can act as inhibitors, remained at values below the toxic threshold. However, these concentrations of heavy metals in the digestion liquor make its subsequent use as a biofertilizer difficult. Regarding biogas production, no significant difference could be observed between the control and sludge digesters.