Carrera de Biotecnología

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    Caracterización de la diversidad bacteriana en microplásticos del río Cutuchi utilizando Metabarcoding 16S rRNA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Silva Tenezaca, Bryan Andrés; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    The oceans and rivers are the main repositories of microplastic pollution. Along with anthropogenic contamination from xenobiotics, these microplastics can become a source of proliferation of pathogenic bacteria with specific nutritional requirements. For this reason, this research aims to characterize the bacterial diversity on microplastics from the Cutuchi River using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to identify bacterial communities and predict their functional profiles. Following the Microbiology and Biotechnology research line, microplastics were created from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polystyrene (PS) to build microcosms incubated in the Cutuchi River. After the formation of biofilms, they were collected and sequenced using Illumina technology for bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the bacterial diversity on microplastics was significantly different from that found in the sediment and water. Two predominant bacterial families were detected on the microplastics: Aeromonadaceae and Shewanellaceae, indicating a greater influence of environmental factors compared to the composition of the microplastics or the sampling point. The prediction of functional profiles suggested that microplastics can harbor bacterial communities with metabolic functions associated with biofilm formation, biosynthesis of antimicrobials, and degradation of xenobiotics. These findings position microplastics as sources of pathogen proliferation, potentially capable of biosynthesizing antimicrobials and degrading xenobiotic compounds, demonstrating the danger of microplastics as an emerging environmental contaminant.
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    Caracterización de la diversidad bacteriana en microplásticos del río Cutuchi utilizando metabarcoding 16S rRNA
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08) Aucancela Ordoñez, Pamela Alisson; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    The oceans and rivers are the main repositories of microplastic pollution. Along with anthropogenic contamination from xenobiotics, these microplastics can become a source of proliferation of pathogenic bacteria with specific nutritional requirements. For this reason, this research aims to characterize the bacterial diversity on microplastics from the Cutuchi River using 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding to identify bacterial communities and predict their functional profiles. Following the Microbiology and Biotechnology research line, microplastics were created from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polystyrene (PS) to build microcosms incubated in the Cutuchi River. After the formation of biofilms, they were collected and sequenced using Illumina technology for bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that the bacterial diversity on microplastics was significantly different from that found in the sediment and water. Two predominant bacterial families were detected on the microplastics: Aeromonadaceae and Shewanellaceae, indicating a greater influence of environmental factors compared to the composition of the microplastics or the sampling point. The prediction of functional profiles suggested that microplastics can harbor bacterial communities with metabolic functions associated with biofilm formation, biosynthesis of antimicrobials, and degradation of xenobiotics. These findings position microplastics as sources of pathogen proliferation, potentially capable of biosynthesizing antimicrobials and degrading xenobiotic compounds, demonstrating the danger of microplastics as an emerging environmental contaminant.
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    Caracterización de Rhizobium spp. a partir de chocho (Lupinus spp.) en cuatro localidades del cantón Latacunga
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Tovar Roman, Jenifer Odalys; Pérez Salinas, Ruth Narcisa
    The contamination from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers has become a problem affecting the ecosystem worldwide due to excessive use. The search for biotechnological alternatives such as the study of microorganisms that contribute to nitrogen fixation has become more relevant. Rhizobium spp. is responsible for nitrogen fixation in legumes, such as Lupinus spp., bioprospection of this bacterium is fundamental to alleviate the pollution from synthetic fertilizers. This study focused on characterizing Rhizobium spp. from chocho (Lupinus spp.) in four locations in the Latacunga canton. 32 samples were collected from the locations and 64 strains were isolated, according to phenotypic characterization and biochemical tests including catalase, methyl red, citrate, among others, and an authentication test (YMA + PB) where it was determined that 100 percent of the isolates correspond to said genus. Its genetic variability was demonstrated by PCR Fingerprinting in which 32 of the isolates in composite samples (16) were analyzed, where 13 isolates present a genetic variability of 55 percent with heterogeneity, belonging to the 4 locations, 2 present a genetic similarity of 93 percent with homogeneity corresponding to locations 2 and 4 (Mulalo and Poalo), and a unique isolate from the Ignacio Flores location. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that the isolates can belong to the genus Rhizobium spp. with high genetic variation.
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    Monitoreo de las comunidades microbianas de la cuenca del río Cutuchi utilizando metabarcoding 16S rRNA e indicadores microbianos tradicionales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Medina Pacheco, Jennifer Lissette; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    Water is an essential natural resource for life, human development and biodiversity conservation. In Ecuador, 83 percent of the population has access to drinking water, and in rural areas only 53.9 percent. Due to the difficulty of obtaining this resource, a large part of this population opts for river water for domestic activities, triggering gastrointestinal diseases. In this context, Cutuchi river are used in agricultural activities, however, they have presented worrying levels of pollution due to the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial water. In such a way that, the present study was based on the monitoring of the microbial communities of the Cutuchi river using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and traditional microbial indicators. The research line corresponds to Microbiology and Biotechnology. The results obtained showed that, in six of the seven points sampled, the densities were higher than 4 log10 CFU·100 mL at -1 for total coliforms, E. coli and somatic coliphages. A high concentration of fecal indicators resistant to tetracycline and ceftriaxone was detected. Metabarcoding 16S rRNA classified the microbial abundance into 9 phyla and 36 major bacterial species. The values obtained detail the presence of fecal bacteria typical of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, revealing a degradation in the water quality of the Cutuchi river. This study could be used as a baseline for the evaluation of the efficiency of the treatment plants, from the point of view of microbial populations in waters impacted by residual discharges.
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    Caracterización de Rhizobium spp. a partir de trébol violeta (Trifolium pratense) en cuatro localidades del cantón Ambato-Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Buestán Morales, José Carlos; De la Torre Olvera, Helena Maritza
    Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for plant growth, legume crops are highly dependent on nitrogen fixed by nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. The identification and characterization of rhizobia indigenous to a particular area is the basis for the formulation of inoculants for sustainable legume production in the face of climate change. Rhizobium spp. were isolated from 4 localities of Ambato canton. The isolated bacteria were grown on Yeast Extract Agar medium and YMA mannitol with Congo red. The colonies were observed after 36-48 hours of incubation at 37 degrees Celsius, control plates showed growth of different microorganisms, while the isolation plates did not show contamination. A total of 88 isolates were obtained, characterized as rod-shaped, aerobic, non-spore-forming and motile. The isolates showed a milky pink color, were positive for methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, catalase, starch hydrolysis and motility on SIM agar. They were negative for the triple sugar iron test, negative for sulfuric acid production and negative for the indole test on SIM, while the Simmons citrate test was negative for 3 strains. The polymorphisms evaluated by UPGMA allowed establishing that the diversity of rhizobia had 76 percent similarity, grouping slow-growing rhizobia in the northern zone and fast-growing rhizobia in the southern zone of Ambato.