Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica

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Subject: search.filters.subject.INVESTIGACIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA

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    Análisis In Silico de toxinas animales con potenciales aplicaciones biotecnológicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-03) Álvarez Robles, María Belén; García Solís, Mario Daniel
    Currently available drugs have increased life expectancy; resulting in population aging with a greater number of geriatric patients who increase the culture of prescription and self-medication originating resistant viruses and bacteria. In addition, the development of new diseases, such as the recent Covid-19 pandemic, a product of the irresponsible interaction of humans with the environment, causes millions of deaths, especially in the poorest countries without access to palliative medicines. This reality reflects a paradox that brings the health system closer to the brink of collapse. To face the crisis, alternative uses for known drugs are sought or the development of new, more effective and specific drugs for each medical condition. Omissive research has developed new drugs taking advantage of the great potential of peptides with biotechnological activity isolated from toxic biological secretions produced by certain poisonous animals. In this study, the UNIPROT and RCSB PDB databases were used to group peptides with sequence and structural homology with three different biological activities: anticancer, antiepileptic, and antinociceptive. From nucleotide sequencing, a three-dimensional base structure was obtained, with PyMOL, which confers the biological activity for each group. In addition to a phylogenetic analysis with MEGA that shows the evolutionary roots of the groups. The results are expected to encourage future research that uses the base structures of these peptides isolated from animal toxins as a template and takes advantage of their biological activity for the synthesis of new therapeutic drugs.
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    Descripción general de las metodologías de detección y cuantificación de SARS-CoV-2 en muestras clínicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Sailema Ronquillo, Wendy Abigail; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus appeared, known as SARS-CoV-2, which causes the disease COVID-19. This virus spread rapidly and in March 2020 it was declared a pandemic by COVID-19. The most common symptoms of the disease are fever, muscle pain, shortness of breath, cough, loss of smell and taste, headache and diarrhea in 10 percent of infected patients. On the other hand, there are patients who do not present any symptoms, known as asymptomatic patients. Among the critical factors for an adequate response to a viral pandemic, timely detection and isolation of potentially infected individuals are considered first. Thus, the appearance of new variants (alpha, delta, omicron) and the study of the complete genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 allowed the development of new molecular analysis technologies. The main objective of this research was to investigate the methodologies for the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV-2. For the development of the study, inclusion and exclusion criteria were proposed, such as: books, articles, documents and reports of scientific bases and research carried out at from the year 2019. As a result, approximately 150 documents were obtained that were analyzed for the present investigation. Specifically, the different technologies available, the types of samples and their processing, SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing techniques, as well as the advantages and limitations of current methods were studied.
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    Evaluación de las actividades biológicas y los compuestos bioactivos presentes en el aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Jiménez Jumbo, Luis David; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
    Eucalyptus globulus, commonly known as eucalyptus, was introduced in Ecuador in the 1960s, specifically in 1860 in the government of Gabriel García Moreno, being the predominant of the two existing species with 89 percent, which makes it becomes a reference species in the Ecuadorian highlands. This plant has glands that secrete essential oils in its leaves, which produce its characteristic odor and have components that can be differentiated into chemical products of industrial value. On the other hand, this oil has been part of multiple scientific studies such as insect control, antioxidant activity, antifungal agent, among others, in general, this essential oil has aliphatic and terpene compounds that give it great potential for the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work an analysis of the multiple investigations of the bioactive compounds that the plant has and the fundamental role in human health due to their properties and the biological effects due to their sensory attributes was carried out; The study also made it possible to carry out future research on the variety of this plant in the plant kingdom with more than 700 species globally; Therefore, the phytochemistry of essential oils provides us with therapeutic benefits due to the combination of these phytonutrients. The study compared the essential oil of E. globulus (the most common in Ecuador) with that of other eucalyptus species, being the first comparative bibliographic investigation of the different species of this type of plant in the country, a study that related the components of the plant with the medicinal uses attributed to this genus such as disinflammation, disinfection, analgesia, antipiresis among others.
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    Aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos obtenidos en invernaderos de la provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Villacis Chiliquinga, Saul Elías; Fernández Rivero, Danae
    The development of greenhouse crops has increased in Ecuador in recent years, the main cultivated species are S. lycopersicum L (tomato), Cucumis sativus L (cucumber) and Capsicum anmuum L (pepper), of which it is estimated that the production of organic waste is around 151705.5 tons in the country, for which, the present bibliographic review focused on identifying possible alternatives for the use of agricultural waste as a source of extraction of metabolites and biomass for the production of biocomposites of biotechnological interest. The results of the research show that tomato fruits have a high content of lycopene, which can be extracted from a solid-liquid extraction with a mixture of hexane-ethanol-acetone solvents and by maceration in vegetable oil, methodologies that They allow to extract more than 90 percent of the lycopene from the tomato fruit, in addition, the possibility of using the biomass residues of the three species as a source for the generation of compost enriched with Cry proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria through solid state fermentation was evaluated. (FES), which are widely recognized for their ability to act as a non-phytotoxic insecticide. In conclusion, the research determined that agricultural residues produced in greenhouses can be used as a source of biocomposites of biotechnological interest in the country's food and agricultural industry.
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    Prospección de la enzima PETasa de Ideonella sakaiensis
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Manzano Rivera, Ruth Abigail; García Solís, Mario Daniel
    Plastic is one of the most used materials worldwide, its use has been around for a long time because its composition is very resistant and malleable to be able to develop many necessary tools and products. One of the best-known plastics is PET, which tends to be very resistant when wanting to degrade it. Many types of degradation have been used such as chemical, physicochemical, and biological. However, it has great limitations by resorting to polluting reagents, exaggerated temperatures and poor handling of the waste that causes degradation. One of the enzymes that degrade PET IsPETase from the bacterium Ideonella sakaiensis. The action of different mutants and variants that increased from 1.4 to 120 times the activity of the enzyme was described, the crystal structures of their mutants were also shown with an image resolution ranging from 1.4 to 2.00 angstrom, the crystal structures were found in the PDB, each residue presented a suitable polarity to the degradation of the PET surface. The double mutant with the highest Tm value was W159H, F229Y with a degradation rate equivalent to 23.4 mg of PET per hour, per milligram of enzyme. The adjuvants found were adequate to measure the kinetic rate of product formation and the binding of the substrate to the active site, the binding of SDS and dodecyl trimethylammonium helped the substrate to enter more easily into the active site of the enzyme.
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    Actualidad de la reutilización y reciclaje de desechos provenientes de curtiembres, revisión en Ecuador y el mundo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Anchatipán Bastidas, Dayana Mishel; Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
    Tanneries are industries whose main activity is leather tanning, to obtain products of commercial value such as: bags, shoes, wallets, jackets, belts, etc. The leather tanning process generates solid, gaseous, and liquid waste, with solid and liquid waste being the most abundant. These are discharged into water resources and landfills; due to toxic compounds they contaminate these ecosystems causing the death of their flora and fauna. Therefore, the application of recycling processes and reuse of solid waste and liquid effluents from tanneries for their use as raw material to manufacture value-added products and the reuse of the same wastewater for the tanning process. The basis of this research project consists in the collection of information using the Connected-Paper and RedCube-Paper software where it was found that the solid waste was used for the production of glues, hydrolyzed collagen, production of gelatin and amino acids, biofuels. , fatliquoring for leather and biogas, while chrome is recovered from liquid effluents for transformation into chrome salts reused as a tanning agent, which is why this project aims to make the feasibility of applying recycling and reuse process strategies that are used worldwide for solid waste and liquid effluents generated by Ecuadorian tanneries, promoting the reduction of these wastes and the reduction of the environmental impact caused by them in Ecuador.
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    Revisión bibliográfica de las fuentes proteicas en la alimentación y desarrollo de colonias de abejas (Apis mellifera L.)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Siza Lasluiza, Mayra Cristina; Carrera Cevallos, Jeanette Verónica
    Various plant protein sources were analyzed as a substitute for nectar and pollen for feeding and development in colonies of bees (Apis mellifera L) through bibliographic reviews, with the purpose of collecting sufficient information corresponding to foods that contain: water, carbohydrates , proteins, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, similar to the natural food obtained by them, taking into account the study variables of the colony or family such as: queen position (PR), weight of the initial population (PPI), weight of the final population (PPF), pollen production (PDNP), honey production (PDNM), food consumption (CA) and cost per treatment (CT). This study focuses on processed foods of plant origin based on the nutritional requirements of bees, supplied intimes of low flowering seasons, unrotated monocultures, climatic fluctuations, excess of agrochemicals, etc. In order to obtain food at low cost and high yield in production improved with a healthy, environmental and economic lifestyle of the beekeeper of an estimated value of USD 400 per year per hive, in optimal sanitary conditions and located in a wide flowering territory, stable climate and with the management of good beekeeping techniques. In conclusion, it is recommended to use soy flour, peas, etc., as a protein ingredient in the production of nectar and pollen substitutes for bees due to their high nutritional performance and low cost in order to avoid depopulation syndrome, strengthening the system. immune to external and internal agents during its life cycle.
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    Actividad repelente e insecticida de aceites esenciales de plantas medicinales
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Medina Tierres, César Augusto; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
    Plant essential oils have long been recognized as an important natural source of pesticides and repellants. Their wide distribution in nature and their biological capacity allows them to be considered for both industrial and home use against pest control. The different activities of the human being are affected by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and insects, the latter being the ones that most influence agricultural production and health. Much of the research has focused on the use of synthetic products that have characteristics of repellency and elimination of pathogenic species and the problems they cause in the environment and the health of those who produce it, apply it and finally consume it. When carrying out a treatment or application of organic products such as essential oils in this case, these can have positive as well as negative effects, the research shows that when making a comparison of the essential oils present in plants, it will have a dependence on the dose that is applied for which the study would help in the control of different pests that greatly affect the plantations, the doses of these will depend on the percentage of purity of the oil and can range from five to thirty five per cent varying likewise its mortality rate up to ninety five per cent as occurs in the case of lemon that has sixty per cent limonene.
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    Plukenetia volubilis L.: Usos tradicionales, metabolitos secundarios y efectos farmacológicos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Núñez Villacís, David Alexander; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
    Plukenetia volubilis L. known as sacha inchi, Inca peanut, or mountain peanut is a native plant of the Peruvian Amazon that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, the first indications of its use date back to the Inca empire, its inhabitants consumed this plant because it gave them the necessary energy for daily activities, at present it has been used for the creation of food, as a supplement to traditional peanuts, also in some places they cook its leaves and consume them and others obtain its oil to use it instead of the common cooking oils or for massages. As there is a wide variety of benefits in the consumption and use of sacha inchi, several phytochemical studies have been carried out to determine the main secondary metabolites that can be obtained from this plant, among which are: Phytosterols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, lectins and carotenoids, these chemical compounds are mainly concentrated in its leaves, seeds and the oil extracted from them because from these the largest amount of secondary metabolites of interest for different industries are extracted. All the secondary metabolites listed influence directly on the biological activity of those individuals who consume it, among the main pharmacological effects that have been studied are: Anticancer activity, antioxidant power, antibacterial activity and antidyslipidemic activity, making Plukenetia volubilis L. an undervalued plant in the world industry with great pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic benefits.
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    Análisis de las características fitoquímicas, propiedades farmacológicas, usos y aplicaciones más comunes de la Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) en Ecuador
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Miranda Ramos, Cynthia Elizabeth; Vargas López, José Homero
    According to World Health Organization nowadays traditional medicine it's considered a fundamental part of health in communities. The gender Stevia represents one of the most diverse in the family Asteraceae. The specie most known worldwide as Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, commonly called leaf of honey. The investigations main purpose was to research about the phytochemical composition and the industrial and pharmaceutical applications of the species Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni in Ecuador. For the development of this study, we established inclusion and exclusion criteria, like articles and documents taken from scientific databases and investigations conducted since 2015 in English as well as in Spanish resulting in total of 87 articles pre-selected, of which 64 were included. In this study we described the functional groups of the specie as well as the secondary metabolisms in chemical screening. The principal components are glucosides of Steviol: Stevioside and rebaudioside-A, that represent 2.4 percent of the weight of dried leaves that together with the rest of components, they give Stevia rebaudiana anticancer, antihypertensive, antimicrobial and antihyperglycemic properties. This last one allows the population with obesity to use them in the treatment as no caloric sweeteners. About the industrial properties the companies have replaced the saccharose for glucosides of steviol their drinks either if they are carbonated drinks or not due to the fact that they do not produce adverse effects in the health of the people.