Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica

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    Actualidad de la reutilización y reciclaje de desechos provenientes de curtiembres, revisión en Ecuador y el mundo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Anchatipán Bastidas, Dayana Mishel; Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
    Tanneries are industries whose main activity is leather tanning, to obtain products of commercial value such as: bags, shoes, wallets, jackets, belts, etc. The leather tanning process generates solid, gaseous, and liquid waste, with solid and liquid waste being the most abundant. These are discharged into water resources and landfills; due to toxic compounds they contaminate these ecosystems causing the death of their flora and fauna. Therefore, the application of recycling processes and reuse of solid waste and liquid effluents from tanneries for their use as raw material to manufacture value-added products and the reuse of the same wastewater for the tanning process. The basis of this research project consists in the collection of information using the Connected-Paper and RedCube-Paper software where it was found that the solid waste was used for the production of glues, hydrolyzed collagen, production of gelatin and amino acids, biofuels. , fatliquoring for leather and biogas, while chrome is recovered from liquid effluents for transformation into chrome salts reused as a tanning agent, which is why this project aims to make the feasibility of applying recycling and reuse process strategies that are used worldwide for solid waste and liquid effluents generated by Ecuadorian tanneries, promoting the reduction of these wastes and the reduction of the environmental impact caused by them in Ecuador.
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    Evaluación y control de olores en el área de disposición final de desechos en Tenería Amazonas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-10) Ramón Díaz, Paúl Michael; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    In a tannery, the area that presents most contamination by odors emanating due to organic and inorganic chemical compounds is the waste disposal area where mainly remains of bait are degradated. Its decomposition generate pollution in the air affecting the health of people who are close to this area, between workers and inhabitants of the sector. The evaluation of odors in the waste disposal area was performed by a literature research where chemical compounds that cause most damage to individuals were identified, between which ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and volatile organic compounds were analyze being the most representative nitrobenzene and mercaptans. Multiple gas monitor IBRID MX6 was used in the waste disposal area to measure the concentration of chemical compounds in ppm and calculate the dose of each chemical compound, which were above the permissible limits according to INSHT, especially nitrobenzene that presented concentrations well above permissible levels, since there is no method of control to minimize the emission of the same. The technique that was used to reduce emissions to the environment of chemicals was the installation of an HDPE geomembrane in the disposal area due to its properties. Subsequent measurements were carried out again resulting in a significantly lower concentration of all chemical compounds whose dose now lies within the permissible limits.
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    Evaluación y control de olores en el área de disposición final de desechos en Tenería Amazonas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-10) Acosta Solís, Freddy Alfonso; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    In a tannery, the area that presents most contamination by odors emanating due to organic and inorganic chemical compounds is the waste disposal area where mainly remains of bait are degradated. Its decomposition generate pollution in the air affecting the health of people who are close to this area, between workers and inhabitants of the sector. The evaluation of odors in the waste disposal area was performed by a literature research where chemical compounds that cause most damage to individuals were identified, between which ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and volatile organic compounds were analyze being the most representative nitrobenzene and mercaptans. Multiple gas monitor IBRID MX6 was used in the waste disposal area to measure the concentration of chemical compounds in ppm and calculate the dose of each chemical compound, which were above the permissible limits according to INSHT, especially nitrobenzene that presented concentrations well above permissible levels, since there is no method of control to minimize the emission of the same. The technique that was used to reduce emissions to the environment of chemicals was the installation of an HDPE geomembrane in the disposal area due to its properties. Subsequent measurements were carried out again resulting in a significantly lower concentration of all chemical compounds whose dose now lies within the permissible limits.
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    Aislamiento e identificación de levaduras a partir de efluentes de curtiembres tungurahuenses y caracterización en función a la Tolerancia a cromo (Cr) VI.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-03) Salazar Jácome, Pablo Andréss; Serrano Bueno, Gloria
    Tungurahua is an Ecuadorian province, which is considered one of the most important in terms of leather production and which owns on its territory 80% of the tanneries of the country. Tanneries represent a significant environmental problem due to the contamination they generate. These industries use Cr salts in the tanning process, which in turns generate effluents with high content of this material and once these get in contact with the environment, toxic effects are generated in the biota. This report evaluates the potential of native yeasts to tolerate Cr (VI). In order to achieve this, the yeasts of two tanneries effluents were isolated: a traditional and an industrialized one. There were established 1-9 test points depending on each case, starting from the reception phase until obtaining the final product, isolating in the process twenty five yeast strains. In terms of methodology, great emphasis was laid upon the molecular tools in order to identify the genera and specie of the isolated yeasts, which lead to identify eleven different species. The phylogenetic analysis classified them in three categories and in two families (Basidiomycota and Ascomycota). In order to determine stress tolerance to Cr (VI), triplicate assays were developed by using the drop plate method in presence of the metal. This allowed to observe that Candida parapsilosis, Candida zeylanoides, Rhodosporidium diobovatum, Candida humilis, Trichosporon otae y Zygowilliopsis califórnica were strains showed growth in the presence of Cr ( VI ), which in turn are suggested as a clean and autochthonous alternative to be used in the bioremediation processes for this kind of contamination.