Browsing by Author "Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel"

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Análisis de la sustitución del material acero A36 por el material Q 235B en la construcción del sistema de agua potable de la ciudad de Riobamba provincia de Chimborazo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Diseño, 2019) Amancha Torres, Israel Jacinto; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The present research “The analysis of steel A36 substitution instead of Q235B material for the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province.”, is primarily aimed at comparing the Q235B material with A36 steel. Moreover, the obtained data, is the perfect sample to analyze the variable which supports the comparison between both materials, verifying that the results for the substitution bear out firmly all the characteristics of the proposal for this Project, the data obtained from the tests provided belong to the Consorcio Alao company having the authorization of the data, in addition tests were carried out in the Center of Productive Metalmechanical Development Carrocero. The information collected on the destructive and non-destructive testing methods helped us to analyze the physical-chemical and mechanical properties of this steel. In this way, each of the characteristics of this material is determined to be used in the construction of the Drinking Water System in Riobamba city, Chimborazo province. At the end of the project, the characterization of the analyzed steels and their replacement for the construction of the Drinking Water System of Riobamba city in Chimborazo province is presented, through the SMAW welding process under the criteria of acceptance and rejection of API standards 1104 and ASME IX, using electrodes E6010 and E7018 ones as input material, with a type of butt joint and 6G welding position because the pipe to be welded is static without being able to change Welding position, material Q235B presents good mechanical properties and its welding bead does not present many defects.
Análisis de las características mecánicas de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con partículas de caucho de neumáticos reciclados y su incidencia en las propiedades mecánicas.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Acosta Benavides, Carolina Nataly; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The addition of recycled tires rubber particles in thermostable polymers is a shape to promote the recycling of scrap tires, replacing traditional materials with environment friendly composite material, for this reason, the present project had as objectives to obtain the composite of recycled tires rubber particles and polyester resin with reinforcement concentrations of 30%, 35% and 40% for three different sizes of particles, manufacture test pieces standard and characterize the composite through Flexural, Compressive and Hardness tests under the standards ASTM D7264-07, ASTM D695-15, ASTM D785-03 and ASTD 2240-05 respectively and Fractography. This allowed to obtain experimentally the mechanical properties of the composite, obtaining as a result that the combination of 30% rubber particles of G1 particle size and 70% polyester resin presented the best mechanical properties with: the máximum flexural stress of 13,16 MPa, flexural modulus of elasticity of 425,46 MPa, maximum strain of 3,21%, maximum compressive stress of 7,49 MPa, yield stress of 1,94 MPa, compressive modulus of elasticity of 37,40 MPa, compressive strain of 20,29%, and 17,01 Rockwell hardness. Also, it was determined that the incorporation of rubber particles in the polyester resin had a negative impact on the máximum flexural and compressive stress, flexural and compressive modulus of elasticity, and hardness, but it bear higher flexural and compressive strain. The composite material is adequate for the manufacture of headlights edge of a Hino AK bus with a mínimum thickness of 3 mm, because it complies with a minimum safety factor of 2,931, ensuring the suitable performance of the piece in aerodynamic conditions.
Análisis de soldadura en frío y costura mecánica para fisuras en hierro fundido gris y su aplicación en la reconstrucción de un block.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Morales Miranda, Christian Andrés; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
Nowadays the recovery by welding in cast iron components is very important, considering that these foundries are of common use in the industrial area. However, this objective is not easy to achieve because of the physical properties of this material. Its difficulty in welding can be due to several factors such as low plasticity due to its high carbon content, the formation of cementite, formation and growth of pores or other factors that affect or decrease the mechanical properties of the material. In the following research work, the analysis of cold welding and mechanical sewing is shown by means of an experimental process carried out in the gray cast iron joints, applying different variables in the mechanical sewing process considering variables such as the diameter of bolts, distances between bolts and material of the bolts used in the mechanical sewing process for each of them. The procedure of mechanical sewing and cold welding was evaluated by means of specimens which were subjected to traction, hardness and Charpy impact tests and metallographic analysis was also carried out on the base material in order to determine the mechanical properties, the tests were carried out in the laboratories of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, later the results were tabulated and analyzed, obtaining as a conclusion that group E is the one that obtained a better behavior, this process being suitable for cold welding and mechanical sewing Finally, through the analysis carried out, this process could be applied in the reconstruction of a block, checking that cold welding and mechanical sewing is applicable in the recovery of gray cast iron components.
Análisis del blindaje del acero AISI 1045 por proyección térmica de aleación micropulverizada Eutalloy 11496 y su influencia en la resistencia al desgaste superficial
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Paredes Zumbana, Jorge Alexandro; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
In the present research, shielding tests were carried out on three surfaces of different roughness, which have as substrate the AISI 1045 steel, extracted from a cane miller. The three types of roughness were obtained by means of the processes of mechanical polishing with abrasive disc, sandblasting with mineral abrasive of volcanic nature and metallic blasting. The shielding material was the Eutalloy micropulverized alloy 11496, applied by means of the flame thermal projection technique. Shielded samples were subjected to abrasion wear tests and accelerated corrosion wear in a salt spray chamber; The results indicate that the best resistance to abrasive wear occurs in samples prepared superficially by sandblasting, which have a surface preheating between 320 and 420 ° C, to achieve a suitable anchorage of the metal alloy. The results of accelerated corrosion showed the highest corrosion rates in the unshielded substrate and it was also evidenced that the corrosion resistance in the shielding is good as long as there are no surface defects. Finally, a procedure proposal is proposed for the shielding of a cane mill tipping machine, in order to ensure that its useful life is favorable to milling with a duration of 8 months.
Análisis del desgaste de electrodos de grafito y cobre en el proceso de electroerosión con electrodo de forma para el mecanizado por penetración en microfundición de aluminio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Núñez Vaca, David Ramiro; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
Aplicabilidad de un material compuesto con matriz polimérica reforzado con fibras de planta de mora (Rubus Glaucus) en partes interiores de carrocerías de la industria carrocera de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Balladares Pazmiño, Morayma de los Ángeles; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The present research is based on the experimentation of a composite material with polymer matrix and reinforced with blackberry plant fiber. This type of fiber is proposed, due to that the Tungurahua province has a planted area of 3,673 hectares of this plant, which are pruned monthly and its agricultural wastes are burned because there is no application for them, producing large amounts of CO2 that contaminates the environment, for that reason the fiber that was used as a reinforcing material was obtained from these agricultural wastes. Were fabricated test tubes with different configurations, volumetric fractions and manufacturing process, which were tested under some policies like ASTM D3039 for tensile strength, ASTM D7268 for flexion and ASTM D5628-10 for impact, in order to obtain mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, maximum stress (pulling and flexion), flexural modulus and maximum impact strength or absorbed energy. From the study, it was determined by statistical analysis that group 6, formed by 70 % of polymer matrix and 30 % of reinforcement of blackberry plant fiber showed better characteristics, having a tensile strength equal to 18.62 MPa, resistance at bending equal to 46.9 MPa and absorbed energy equal to 1.2156 J. Accordingly, the hypothesis raised in this research is accepted and therefore the composite material accomplish with the minimum mechanical properties required in the internal componentes of bodywork industry bodies.
Aplicabilidad de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con fibras de hoja de tuna en usos industriales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Vargas Flores, Patricio Daniel; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The present study is based on the experimentation and characterization of the composite material of counterfoil polymeric reinforced with fibre of sheet of prickly pear. This type fibre is a proposal since in Ecuador especially in the sierra region grows this type of plant in soils variety, at present big prickly pear plantations exist only for its fruit and its sheets are dried, rejected and used like organic fertilizer since an application does not exist for the same ones, for such a motive of the disused sheets the reinforcement fibre was obtained. The burettes were prepared with different configurations and volumetric fractions in a mold of steel A-36 for every type of essay it lowers norms for haulage ASTM 3039, for push-up ASTM-7264 and for impact ASTM-5628 for the purpose of establishing the ideal combination that grants the best mechanical properties of the composite material and power to give use in the industry. By means of the essays realized in the different volumetric fractions by manual stratification the best combination turned out to be to 70 % of counterfoil polymeric and to 30 % of fibre of prickly pear, with interlaced fibres having a resistance to the haulage =10. 94 MPa, resistance to push-up =24. 98 MPa and absorbed energy = 2. 42 J. The applications found for this material they were seen in the ambiences of the movable and aeronautical industry.
Aplicabilidad de un material compuesto de matriz polimérica reforzado con partículas residuales de cuero en usos industriales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017-10) Izurieta Guerrero, Carlos Eduardo; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
Tanneries through the process of tanning of the animal skin remove certain layers of skin during the process of filing and scraping, product of these processes is obtained fine particulate and coarse leather particulate respectively, this generated particulate become waste, in such a way the idea was born to manufacture a polymeric matrix composite (polyester resin) reinforced with residual particles of leather that is friendly to the environment and intended for industrial uses. For the preparation of the test pieces, different volumetric fractions were used for both fine particulate and coarse leather particulate, by means of the vacuum stratification process, to be tensile, flexural and impact tested by ASTM D3039, ASTM D7264, ASTM D5628, respectively, obtaining the mechanical properties of the material. By means of the tensile, flexure and impact tests, it was obtained that the composite of polyester matrix with thick particulate reinforcement of leather with the volumetric fraction 70% matrix and 30% reinforcement presented the best results, Traction Rupture Effort 5, 5 MPa, Modulus of Elasticity 154.1 MPa, Bending Rupture at 16.58 MPa, Bending Modulus 548.9 MPa, Impact Resistance 1.09 J.
Caracterización de elementos estructurales de acero que hayan sido expuestos a diferentes tiempos y temperaturas debido a un incendio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-03) Guamanquispe Vaca, Fernanda Patricia; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
In the present investigative work, different structural elements such as columns, beams and steel straps ASTM A 36 exposed to flagella were characterized, considering different times and temperatures of exposure; For the experimental part, the conditions were simulated by using a conventional furnace in which several samples of steel and combustible material were placed, trying to simulate a real scourge, after which samples were taken at temperatures of 600, 800 and 1000 degrees celsius and exposure times of 30, 45 and 60 minutes, to which hardness and macroscopy tests were carried out in the materials laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering and to be able to determine the mechanical properties of the material subjected under these conditions and compare them with those of the unexposed material; By means of the hardness it was possible to determine the ultimate resistance of the material and from the percentages of Ferrite and Perlite it was also verified that the ultimate resistance toxvi traction increased by 9-10 percentage since the samples were cooled by means of a cold water jet, a condition that occurs when a fire is extinguished; Although it is true that the mechanical properties of the specimens did not vary significantly, from the bibliographic review it was possible to determine that in real time of the flagellum, the resistance to creep decreases in inverse proportion with the temperature, so it is possible that the structure collapses. At that time, from the aforementioned, it can also be said that if the structure does not collapse during the fire and is still standing and without deformations in the structure, it can continue to provide service; Finally, after the analysis, it was possible to conclude that the mechanical properties of the structural steel elements at the time of the fire depend on the time and temperature of its exposure.
Caracterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con fibra natural de totora (Schoenoplectus Californicus) y su posible aplicación en la industria
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-03) Pico Vaca, José Luis; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
This research project was based on defining the mechanical properties through the characterization of the composite material of Polyester resin and natural reed fiber, with a configuration of continuous fiber distributed longitudinally, in addition three different volumetric fractions were established (90 percent matrix10 percent fiber, 80 percent matrix-20 percent reinforcement, 70 percent matrix 30 percent reinforcement) that correspond to the percentage of the matrix and reinforcement respectively, in order to determine the composite material with the best mechanical performance based on its volumetric fraction . The density of the fiber was determined using the gravimetric method, giving us a density of 0.19 grams / cubic centimeter and a manual stratification was also used for the preparation of the test tubes. For the mechanical characterization, three mechanical tests were carried out: traction, bending and impact, these were carried out under the ASTM D3039, ASTM D7464, ASTM D5628 Standards, respectively. Manual stratification was used to make the specimens, in a mold made of ASTM-A36 structural steel. With the data obtained from the tensile, bending and impact tests, it was determined that the composite material with a volumetric fraction of 70 percent of polyester resin polymer matrix and 30 percent of reed fiber reinforcement presents the best mechanical properties with the following values: a maximum tensile stress of 14.41MPa, Modulus of elasticity of 1036.598MPa, Maximum flexural stress of 71.51MPa, Flexural modulus of 10941.27MPa, and Impact energy of 0.23J
Caraterización mecánica del material compuesto de matriz poliéster reforzada con fibra de hoja de Yucca Elephantipes para la determinación de propiedades mecánicas en aplicaciones industriales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Pazmiño Guerrero, Christian Andrés; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The present experimental work deals with the elaboration of a new composite material of polyester resin matrix and fiber reinforcement of Yucca Elephantipes leaf, to determine the best mechanical properties that this gives us with the configurations of longitudinal fiber and short fiber in the different fractions volumetric proposals. It was considered to use the leaf of this plant because it is ornamental, it is rich in fiber and many times it is discarded without any use, then with the new composite material it is allowed to use the waste produced and collaborate with the environment. The tests were performed under the requirements of ASTM D3039-15 standards for traction, ASTM D7264-15 for flexure and ASTM D5628-10 for impact. The group of test pieces tested that showed the best mechanical properties was the volumetric fraction of 35% reinforcement and 65% of matrix with longitudinal fiber configuration. The main applications of this material are in the automotive industry for the manufacture of decorative parts for vehicles, for the furniture industry, etc. Their easy manufacture and molding allow them to replace traditional materials.
Determinación de las causas que provocan las fallas en los soportes de rodamientos de arados para aumentar la vida útil de los rodamientos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Diseño Mecánico, 2017) Carrasco Santillán, Julio Antonio; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
In the present assignment a study is accomplished to predict the useful life of the bearings presented in the plow supports known as rowlock too, for which the analyzes of the problems presented in the system under study have been performed. Laboratory and field tests have been developed. One of the main problems in the industry is the attrition of the mechanical elements by abrasion and friction, in our case the bearings proved to be the critical elements from this point of view. So they were made from a material cast with more count of Manganese, to try to increase the wear resistance caused by abrasion of the ground against their faces and avoid the creep of the low carbon steel that causes deformation in the bearing housings. To characterize the new material, hardness, tensile, metallographic and electron microscopy tests were performed according to ASTM standards. First, reverse engineering was done by designing the element to be subjected to finite element analysis and determining the loads acting on it. Subsequent the spectrometric tests of the original elements were carried out and their chemical composition was determined. Next merge the new elements merge and the obtain of the test pieces are carried out with the new chemical composition and the above-mentioned tests are elaborated to characterize the material. Assembling the elements in the different implements are proceeded to submit them to work and determine by the orometer of the tractor such as the new useful life of the element. The result of an average increase of 25% in the same working conditions, with a cost no greater than 5%. By supporting the productive matrix, the agro and the producer, avoiding expenses caused by the replacement of these elements and unnecessary stops of the equipment.
Diseño y construcción de moldes para la obtención de probetas en verde a compresión bajo normas ASTM
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Gálvez Albán, Lilibeth Aracelly; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
This document deals with the design and construction of molds for obtaining green test specimens under ASTM standards, so the design of the molds was carried out respecting the measures detailed in the standards, later a work material was selected that This project was a steel AISI D3 commercially known steel K100, which due to its chemical composition in the analysis carried out in a design software (von misses and safety factor) fulfilled what was required. In the case of the punches, being the part that suffers the most during the compaction process, a mathematical analysis was carried out. Then proceeded to the machining of each of the parts that make up the molds, where for the preparation of the plate-female was used a wire EDM cutter, to have a better accuracy in the measurements of the molds manufactured. As regards the process of compaction of the metallic powder, a hydraulic press with a plunger diameter of 20.5 cm was used, which allowed us to give a compaction pressure of 1000 PSI, obtaining test pieces for tension tests with thicknesses of 3.56 and 6.35 mm within the tolerance of ± 0.13 and specimens for impact tests with thicknesses of 10 mm with a tolerance of ± 0.10. The mold that presented the least difficulty was that of the test pieces for stress testing since its geometry has several radii, which improve the process. Vaseline was used as a lubricant, as it is considered a natural lubricant and would not affect the chemical composition of the compacted powder. The quantities of powder initially calculated to be placed in each mold can vary when obtaining the specimens, because some material is lost when placing the powder in the cavity of the molds as in the case of tension test tubes. an amount of 17.5 gr was weighed for 3.56 mm and 31.5 mm thickness specimens for 6.35 mm specimens where, after being compacted, they had a variation of 0.3 g with respect to the initial amount, and for the specimens for impact tests the The amount of the powder was 54 gr, so after the compaction it obtained a weight of 53.5 gr.
Diseño y construcción de un andador plegable con asiento, de cuatro ruedas con sistema de frenado para el desplazamiento autónomo de personas con problemas de movilidad reducida
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Jiménez Pilozo, Gabriel Iván; Aldas Bolaños, Juan Carlos; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
In Ecuador people with reduced mobility problems according to the INEC are found in the older adult population with a percentage of 45 percent which leads to seeking alternatives for a decent life, the objective of the project lies in the autonomy that people require to move from one place to another, through the proposal of a folding walker with a seat, four wheels with a braking system, to avoid possible accidents, providing security to the user. For the development of the project, a quantitative approach methodology was used to evaluate the large number of numerical values, which are necessary for the design of the mechanism, which allowed the selection of the appropriate material for its construction, it is also of an exploratory nature since models of walkers were sought to determine the dimensions from an established model allowing to identify the degree of resistance and its operation, an anthropometric analysis was also carried out to establish the regulation measures for the user, such as the width of the hips to establish the folding width of the seat of the walker. In addition, the walker complies with the parameters and the materials duly selected, functional tests were carried out on 5 people who were satisfied and benefited from the product since they were able to move from one place to another safely, according to the results their well-being improved, finally it turned out that it is easy to handle for most users and it does not take up much space so it can be stored anywhere.
Diseño y construcción de un dispositivo de asistencia para extremidades delanteras para un canino con carencia de movilidad
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-02) Jácome Chávez, Diego Sebastián; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
Currently, the problems of malformation or amputation in animal limbs have been growing due to the fact that there are no prosthetic devices in the local market that cover this problem. In Ecuador, there has been very little acceptance of veterinary medical devices that replace a limb or provide assistance to an animal that requires it. This is due to the high costs required for the manufacture of an assistance device, for this reason people lose the desire to care for their pets and choose to sacrifice them or leave them abandoned. The technical project focused mainly on the design and construction of a wheelchairtype assistive device for a dog that has a malformation in its two front limbs, leaving it without the ability to move properly, so that a study of the alternatives of existing assistive devices was conducted and the main characteristics that a wheelchair should have so that the beneficiary dog can be coupled without any difficulty were verified; The use of 3D printing was implemented for the manufacture of the assistive device, where the percentage of filling, the printing material and the orientation in which an element must be printed to acquire excellent mechanical properties were evaluated. The result was a resistant, ergonomic and adaptable wheelchair. This wheelchair was evaluated and approved by a veterinarian through a technical data sheet.
Diseño y construcción de un mecanismo para el desmontaje de cilindros hidráulicos de diámetro y longitud variable para el taller Trac Service Ramos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Ramos Guerrero, Jessica Fernanda; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The design and construction of the mechanism for the disassembly of hydraulic cylinders was carried out due to the complexity and high costs involved in the repair process of these components in the Trac Service Ramos workshop. The project was developed in several stages, starting with a review of the historical and technical background of hydraulic cylinders. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of different design alternatives was detailed, evaluating cost, ease of construction and maintenance criteria. Based on the selection of one of them, the conceptual design of the disassembly mechanism was made taking as reference the hydraulic cylinder of the Caterpillar 320DL excavator, the material of each component was specified, strength calculations and cost analysis were made. Finally, drawings and technical specifications were prepared for each part of the mechanism, ensuring its viability and operational efficiency, to finish with tests that included the evaluation of the disassembly capacity of cylinders of different sizes and the resistance of the mechanism under real working conditions. As a result, the implementation of this project facilitates the maintenance of hydraulic cylinders, improves the safety of the technician and reduces the development time of the repair process in the workshop Trac Service Ramos, this new mechanism includes a hydraulic power unit with a pressure of 1500 psi, has a bench with dimensions 2.2 m long and width of 0.61 m presenting a safety factor of 12.70 ensuring the layout and resistance that the structure will have.
Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de prótesis de pata de perro, con amputación de extremidad delantera cercana al codo, producida mediante impresión 3D para la empresa Dico-Val ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Urrutia Nogales, Erick Omar; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The objective of this project is to make a design and manufacture a prototype prosthesis for a dog that has suffered an amputation, it can produce serious problems of health like muscular dystrophies, but in contrast to humans, there is not a high supply of this type of device on the market. As an alternative, it has been sought to make a design that meets the needs of the animal in a program which can draw the piece in a computer, then the element is subjected to a static analysis by simulation. Checked as a simulation, we proceed with the printing of the element and the assembly of the prototype, obtaining a functional and comfortable element. The same was subjected to tests, with the benefited can, this presents an optimal development in terms of comfort and functionality. Therefore, it is concluded that the realization of prostheses through additive technology is not only possible but also an alternative that reduces weight, costs and time. In addition to providing enormous ease of design and manufacturing.
Diseño y construcción de una prensa de vulcanización para la reparación de neumáticos en la vulcanizadora El Milenio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Coque Almache, Jorge Ramiro; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
This research was done in the tire repairshop “El Milenio”; it is located in Pichincha province, Quito city – Tumbaco, Interoceanica Avenue lot 8 and Guayaquil, which offers repairing services and the maintenance of all types of tires. To elaborate this technical project the needs of the tire repairshop were considered to design and build a press prototype for steam vulcanizing, for which the parameters of the damage tire were analyzed such as the measure of the break, dimension of the tire, number of canvas layers and checked if the damage could be repaired. A conceptual design was made in order to define an accurate methodology for the project, then the calculations of each of the elements that are part of the press were done and finally proceeded to the detailed engineering of the machine and once the design was concluded, the functionality test were done. The temperature, pressure and time are required parameters that were considered in the performance of the functioning test to obtain a correct repair and to support the applied loads that come in the technical specifications of each tire. The results of the design and construction of the machine in the tire repairshop were evidenced because it was possible to obtain a benefit for the owners of the damage tires, also it could be possible to offer a total repair of the tire and in that way, and it can finish the useful life for which it was designed.
Diseño y construcción de una prótesis de dedo de mano con amputación del falange distal para la empresa Dicoval ubicado en la ciudad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Guevara Morales, Christian Israel; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
There is a large number of workers who have suffered a work accident in most companies, phalangeal and transphalangeal amputations are common, this is the case of the Dico-Val company, where a few years ago a worker suffered an accident where he lost part of his finger specifically the distal phalanx, in this way, obtaining a prosthesis in order to recover the physical capacity of the workers becomes imperative; For this reason, the present investigation of analysis of alternative mechanisms proposes the design of a prosthesis of mechanical drive of the distal phalanx of the hand using bibliographic information and analyzing different types of prostheses; Comparison analysis of 3D printing materials was carried out, a comparative study was carried out between the design applications and laminators required for the use of 3D printing, different types of prostheses were analyzed focused on the selection of alternatives of the type of mechanism, the which helps with flexion and extension movements, and the type of material for design parameters. Finally, the results were positive since the efforts were obtained from the computational verification; reaching the conclusion that a functional prosthesis was obtained and the selected 3D printing material (PLA) provided sufficient resistance so that the prosthesis could perform prehension actions.
Diseño y construcción de una prótesis de mano derecha con amputación de falanges producida mediante impresión 3D
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Coba Ronquillo, Emily Anahí; Guerra Chiquito, Karla Abigail; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The design of a functional 3D printed prosthesis focuses on meeting the specific needs of people with partial amputations of the right hand. To ensure controlled and realistic movement, a four-bar mechanism was implemented, configured in a dual system for the four main fingers and a single mechanism for the thumb, this approach ensures that the prosthesis accurately mimics the natural movements of the human hand, providing a functional and customised solution. Each component of the prototype was developed through a comprehensive process based on position and trajectory calculations including CAD drawing in specialised software, which is based on a graphical synthesis of mechanisms allowing the creation of parts with precise geometries and adjusted to the anatomical characteristics of the user. Subsequently, the design was evaluated by means of finite element simulations through a static analysis under the loads generated in each articulated joint, in which the structural resistance and the correct functioning of the mechanism under different conditions of use were verified. 3D printing, as the main manufacturing method, presented significant advantages in terms of customisation, cost reduction and production times. The selected material, PETG, stood out for its strength, flexibility and durability, essential characteristics to withstand the stresses and repetitive movements of the prototype. This integrated approach combines advanced design and simulation technology with the efficiency of additive manufacturing, achieving a practical, accessible and adaptable device for the end user.