Lipidómica: una visión integral del perfil lipídico y su relación con el riesgo cardiovascular

Abstract

Introduction: the World Health Organization stated that cardiovascular diseases cause the death of 17,9 million people annually. The Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis recommended complete lipid analysis including total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein (a) for cardiovascular risk. Objective: to conduct a review article on lipidomics and its integral approach in the analysis of the lipid profile, with emphasis on its relationship with cardiovascular risk, by searching and synthesizing relevant and updated scientific literatura. Methods: the search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and in the Google Schoolar search engine, following the PRISMA guidelines, the PICO question was posed, studies from the last 5 years and in English language were included. Results: A total of 5827 documents were obtained and 11 articles were included in the analysis of results. Six articles were used to determine the relationship between non-HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and remaining cholesterol with cardiovascular risk, three for the relationship between lipoprotein (a) and cardiovascular risk and two were used in relation to ethnicity and formulas to determine lipoproteins. Conclusions: apolipoprotein B over non-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol is the best lipid biomarker, lipoprotein (a) is recommended to be measured once in life and it is advisable to measure LDL cholesterol directly.