Obesidad: genética y biomarcadores diagnósticos

Abstract

Introduction: The obesity is considered a public health problem and affects children, teenagers and adults worldwide, the principal causes are bad diet, lackof exercise and genetic factors and can trigger multiple chronic diseases. Objective: To understand the genetics of obesity and diagnostic biomarkers used in the clinical laboratory. Methods: Google Scholar, Pubmed, SciELO, Dialnet and ScienceDirect databases were used. We found 34 articles in English and Spanish that met the search criteria: genes, obesity and diagnostic biomarkers, using articles 5-10 years old. Results: through the analysis of the different researches it describe some genes that are important like factors for obesity, some genes are FTO, MC3R, MC4R and POMC its alterations are associated with obesity, however there are measurable biomarkers in blood that help in its diagnosis among them lipid profile, insulin, glucose, C-reactive protein, ghrelin, adiponectin and leptin. Conclusions: FTO was the first gene associated with obesity, that has been describe in several worldwide studies. In addition, the analysis of biomarkers in the clinical laboratory are vital in the diagnosis as it helps in the treatment or control of this disease so that this pathology does not increase its incidence.