Biomarcadores utilizados para el diagnóstico y pronóstico en lupus eritematoso sistémico

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus or also called SLE is an autoimmune and chronic pathology where there is a dysregulation of the immune system causing the presence of antibodies to attack the body itself. Its symptomatology is classified as type I and II therefore, it is associated with risk factors such as environmental, genetic, and hormonal. This disease is mostly suffered by women of childbearing age between 15 and 45 years, however it is less frequent in children and men. Objective: To identify the biomarkers that help the diagnosis and prognostic in SLE, describe the classification criteria of SLE and immunological methods for its detection. Methods: A descriptive research was carried out by searching information about biomarkers used for diagnosis and prognostic in systemic lupus erythematosus through databases such as: Google Scholar, Pubmed, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc during the period 2015-2023. The sources consulted were a total of 35 using keywords such as systemic lupus erythematosus, biomarkers, antibodies using in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Results: It was established that for the diagnosis of SLE biomarkers of early detection, confirmation, activity, nonspecific and other biomarkers that are associated to this pathology. While for prognosis, confirmation biomarkers are useful when a patient has been diagnosed with SLE. Conclusions: The main biomarkers used in the diagnosis and prognostic of SLE are ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-SM, anti-RNP, anti-Pribosomal, anti-Ro/SSA and there are also the molecular biomarkers miR-196 and miR146, likewise, criteria such as EULAR/ACR- 2019 are used in diagnostic support.