Manejo agroecológico de la fertilidad del suelo en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus)

Abstract

The present research work was carried out with the objective of determining the nutrient content and the presence of microorganisms during agroecological soil management in a 6-month-old blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus). The treatments studied were: mulching with plant residues, crop associated with legumes and the control. The results obtained showed that the treatment associated with legumes (AL) showed a higher content of the elements: N-nitrates, N-ammonium, P-water soluble, K-water soluble, Ca, B, Zn. A stable MO. result was obtained and a lower content of the elements: P, K, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, Cu. While the treatment mulched with pruning residues showed a higher accumulation of K, Mg, S, Mn, Fe, it also maintained stable pH and EC values. And a lower content of the elements: N-NO3, N-NH4, P, P-H2O, K-H2O, Ca, B, Cu, Zn, and finally the control without mulching (SN) reported a higher content of the elements P and Cu, and, a lower content of Nnitrates, N-ammonium, total P, water-soluble P, total K, water-soluble K, Mg, S, Ca, B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn. In relation to the Hydrogen Potential (pH) was more unstable in the AL treatment with a difference of -0.69, followed by SN (control) with -0.67 and finally BRF (mulching) which was shown to be the most stable with -0.13 difference. Regarding the Electrical Conductivity (EC), it can be seen that the treatment association with legumes (AL) has a difference of -1.22 mSiem/cm, the control treatment (SN) has -0.79 mSiem/cm and the mulching treatment with pruning remains is more stable with a value of -0.30 mSiem/cm. As for Organic matter (OM), the treatment of association with legumes (AL) obtained 7.10 %, making it the treatment that consumed the least percentage of OM. The control (SN) reports a difference of 7.13% of OM and finally the mulching treatment with pruning residues (BRF) has 10.23% of OM. Regarding the presence of microbial populations, the wide range of fungi and bacteria can be appreciated, these maintained a similar count on day 1 and day 90 in all treatments; however, the appearance of some pathogens could be appreciated in the treatments where they did not exist initially, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium oligandrum, Pythium ultimun.