Análisis del bagazo de la caña de azúcar como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la industria de lácteos “Lácteos Valenzuela Divino Niño” de la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón Saquisilí

Abstract

In the present work try to evaluate the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse in the pre-treatment of a residual milk effluent; for the development of the work was taken a period of 90 days, which estimated a residual flow of (0.13ltrs / sec) and a final volume = 4680ltrs / Labor day, corresponding a volume of milk waste = 360ltrs / Labor day; the following initial concentrations of Oils and Fats (1324mg / l), BOD5 (2631mg / l) and COD (5560mg / l) are present. The purifying capacity of the filter material is determined by a sampling of filtered water for analysis every 10 days, and by means of the results obtained, establish the time to be replaced, also by through of a microscopic sweep observe the degenerative process of the material. The maximum efficiencies achieved are around: 30.55% (Oils and Fats), 81.07% (BOD5) and 79.78% (COD), during the first 60 days, from there it is necessary to have more accurate and realistic results due to the inconsistent dispersion that can result in the sampling when the industrial production varies in working day and final byproduct, so in the last 30 days of treatment only the BOD5 (relevant parameter) of the waste water treated is analyzed and without treatment from the same collection and generative process of the day defined for sampling, with a filter riverbed change every 10 days. Getting a real average efficiency of 55.97%, and a microscopic sweep revealing a morphological structure dominated by surface wear, pores totally sealed by solid milk residues at micrometric level, separated near-smooth fibers creating gaps between them and even the presence of microorganisms . That said, it establishes a functional useful life of the filter media very short (30 days) and a greater efficiency during the initial 10 days of continuous filtration, in addition it emphasizes the relation cost / benefit being the material suitable for a pre-treatment or tertiary treatment although the adsorbate and adsorbent are of the same type (organic) giving way to a rapid degradation