Infecciones del tracto urinario por Escherichia Coli productora de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido de origen comunitario e intrahospitalario: una revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in both community and hospital settings. Escherichia coli is the causal agent of 80% of these infections. This microorganism has developed resistance mechanisms, such as the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. (ESBL) that can hydrolyze first, second, third, fourth generation cephalosporins and aztreonam. Objective: Determine the prevalence of the pathogen, laboratory tests used, associated risk factors and the relationship of the susceptibility profile in ESBL E. coli UTI of community and in-hospital origin. Method: For the bibliographic search, databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Redalyc, Google Scholar and Scielo were used, choosing the articles according to the PRISMA methodology. Results and discussion: 18 original publications were analyzed, identifying high percentages of resistance to first, second, third and fourth generation cephalosporins of hospital origin; in addition, isolates from community origin present greater resistance to fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: It was identified that automated tests have proven to be highly efficient due to their short response time. Furthermore, growing resistance to ampicillin, cephalosporins, monobactams and nalidixic acid was established in hospital and community settings, leaving carbapenems as a treatment option.