Evaluación de la eficacia de dos tratamientos a base de aceite esencial de ruda (Ruta graveolens) y un tratamiento con ácido orgánico para el control de la varroa (Varroa destructor) en abejas (Apis mellifera)

Abstract

The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the efficacy of two treatments based on rue essential oil and the use of oxalic acid for the control of Varroa destructor in bees (Apis mellifera), the experiment was carried out in the Apiaries "El sueño" and "Vilmor" located in the Atahualpa and the Peninsula Parishes respectively of the Ambato Canton. We worked with 15 experimental units, which were divided into 5 treatments: T0 (control), T1 (5g of oxalic acid), T2 (10g of oxalic acid), T3 (essential oil of rue at 10%) and T4 (oil essential rue at 15%). The field work lasted 20 days where 3 different applications were placed in a period of 8 days each. Values were recorded in the initial infestation reaching an average of 14.42%, which was reduced to 1.67% in the treatment with the greatest acaricidal effect, T2, this being the best result, followed by T1, T4 and T3. In the same way, the effectiveness margin was identified, where T2 obtained the best percentage with 86.74 with significant differences in relation to T1, T4 and T3. At the conclusion of the investigation, it was determined that in the different treatments the ones that obtained the best acaricidal results were those with the highest amount and concentration of the active principle, in this case T2 and T4 (10g of organic acid and 15% rue essential oil respectively).