La automatización del examen de orina vista desde el laboratorio clínico una revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

The general urine test (EGO) has great clinical relevance since it is widely used to diagnose kidney diseases or diseases unrelated to it, given its importance, as time has passed, the urinalysis area has made great advances, which has led to automation. . The purpose of this study was to carry out a bibliographic description about the automation of the EGO through textual reviews of scientific articles that led to clarify that for the physical and chemical determinations in urine samples, systems such as refractometry and osometry have been developed in automated equipment of readers of test strips. For the microscopic component of particles, technologies such as flow cytometry, fluorescence flow cytometry, impedance and light scattering are used. Automation brings with it advantages such as higher production in less time with fewer preanalytical, analytical and post-analytical errors, on the other hand, it reflects disadvantages such as reduced employment opportunities and poor analytical performance in pathological samples. The results of the bibliographic review, based on the percentage estimation described by the authors, detail that the automation of the EGO occurs satisfactorily based on the sensitivity and specificity of white blood cells (90.08%/89.18%), red blood cells (87.68%/82.73) and epithelial cells (83.86%/94.16%), this according to the type of equipment used. It should be taken into account that there are limitations regarding abnormal red or white blood cell counts, low or false recognition of casts, bacteria, yeasts, and renal cells.