Evaluación de cultivos resilientes al cambio climático como una medida de adaptación para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria en la provincia de Tungurahua en los cantones Mocha, Tisaleo y Píllaro

Abstract

Agricultural resilience over time has been adapting its recovery capacity to different weather changes to offer a guarantee of food security. These crops take advantage of biodiversity, organic fertilizers, agroforestry systems, in order to better adapt to stress and pests caused by some climatic variability, generating the necessary nutrients and resistance to pests, since by using organic fertilizers, they provide greater protection to the roots of the plants. In this research, a mixed methodology was used, where a bibliographical-documentary review of the resilience of blackberry, potato, corn and tree tomato crops in the cantons of Pillaro, Tisaleo and Mocha was initially carried out using databases such as: Scielo, MDPI, NCBI, Elsevier, among others, then an analysis of the data obtained from surveys carried out previously with 244 farmers from the 3 cantons considering 4 factors: sociodemographic, agriculture, climate change and food security, for the analysis of the data the statistical program SPSS V25 was used, which allowed the analysis of 30 variables, obtaining the relationship of the variables through Speraman's Rho and Anova. Finally, using the multiple linear regression model, a determination coefficient of 0.1 was determined, evidencing a relationship between food security and the significant variables and determining that the blackberry crop presents the best resilience characteristics for climate change, with the decrease in harvest due to drought being the factor that most influences food security.