Revisión de las recomendaciones dietéticas actuales en la recurrencia de urolitiasis

Abstract

Urinary lithiasis is defined as the presence of stones in the urinary system and can produce the clinical picture of renal colic when the stones generated in the kidney leave the renal pelvis and move towards the rest of the urinary system, which includes the ureters, bladder and urethra. The formation of urinary stones is multifactorial, as it depends on age, sex, diet, hydration status, climate, genetic predisposition, among others. Nutritional counseling aims to reduce the amount of lithogenic substances considered as risk factors that influence urine supersaturation, mainly calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and uric acid. Objective: To analyze the current bibliography about current dietary recommendations in patients with urinary lithiasis. Method: Method: Systematized bibliographic review of information through the selection of scientific articles from recent years using the PRISMA method. Results: Prevention of kidney stone recurrence is based on various medical and dietary approaches aimed at expanding urine volume, reducing excretion of prolitogenic solutes such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and increasing excretion of protective substances against formation of kidney stones, such as magnesium, potassium, and citrate. Conclusions: A balanced diet together with adequate fluid intake are protective tools against the recurrence of kidney stones. Current recommendations include maintaining a high fluid and fruit intake, controlling protein and carbohydrate intake, and decreasing salt intake.