Revisión bibliográfica sobre colelitiasis en niños y adolescentes con enfoque al diagnóstico y tratamiento

Abstract

Cholelithiasis is considered a very costly disease for the health system worldwide and is among the most common causes of morbidity due to non-malignant disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Its prevalence is lower in children than in adults, ranging from 0.5% - 1.9% of the total population. It is asymptomatic in most cases and in minors the risk may be even higher and may even cause death. Objective: to carry out an exhaustive literature review on new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to cholelithiasis in children and adolescents. Methodology: systematic review consisting of the search, collection and analysis of existing information. Scientific articles were selected from medical databases using key words. Results: Cholelithiasis is due to factors such as hemolytic diseases, use of drugs, ethnicity, gender, age, high-fat diets, obesity, use of contraceptive methods and hormone replacement therapies. The most sensitive and specific diagnostic method is ultrasound, which favors its diagnosis. The therapeutic conduct par excellence is surgical resolution and in cases that do not allow it, it is directed to pharmacological management or expectant management.