Infección por tricomona vaginalis y displasia de cuello uterino

Abstract

Introduction: Vaginal trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease produced by Trichomona vaginalis (Vt), anaerobic with undulating membranes, 4 flagella and 7 to 23 micrometres in xii length that requires an alkaline pH to subsist. Vt invades the genital mucosa to locate in the Bartholino and paraurethral glands. There are two mechanisms involved in the pathophysiologyof infection: contact-dependent, through AP120 binding proteins, AP51, AP33, A23 and AP65,and contact-independent, where the cell detachment factor is involved. It has been established that Vt infection is capable of generating cellular changes in the exocervical stratified flat epithelium and in areas of squamous metaplasia of the endocervix, which can lead to preneoplastic changes and infiltrating neoplasm. These preneoplastic changes are represented by three degrees: mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, and severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ. Materials and methods: A nonexperimental documentary review was made of scientific articlespublished on various search platforms in the period 2018 - 2022. Results and Discussion: VT infection is commonly shown as vaginitis, Diamond culture and immunofluorescence test havegreater effectiveness and sensitivity and fresh observation provides valuable information that can sometimes be limited on the Pap smear. Conclusions: VT is a frequent sexually transmitteddisease in our society, which can lead to a series of complications, from inflammatory to dysplastic changes, with the possibility of a more complex injury. Among the most important diagnostic techniques is fresh observation and Pap smear, but it is the culture and immunofluorescence tests with greater sensitivity and specificity.