Caracterización de Rhizobium spp. a partir de haba (Vicia faba L.) en cuatro localidades del cantón Tisaleo

Abstract

Agricultural productivity depends on the nutrients available in the soil, especially nitrogen. Currently, chemical fertilizers are used to improve production, without considering the pollution they generate. Biotechnological alternatives give a new approach to nitrogen fixation in legumes. In this research, nodules from broad bean (V. faba) were used, a commercial and essential legume due to its high content of proteins, vitamins and minerals; capable of fixing nitrogen through Rhizobium spp. 32 samples were collected in 4 locations of Tisaleo that were morphologically characterized, where 90 percent of them presented characteristics similar to Rhizobium spp. Biochemical tests were performed where 100 percent of these were positive for methyl red, Voges Proskauer, starch hydrolysis, and catalase, however, 98 percent of these were negative for hydrogen sulfide and TSI. A BOX-PCR was developed, to identify the existing genetic distance between them, from composite samples (16), great genetic variability was evidenced, with the formation of 2 groups from a similarity coefficient of 51 percent, being the sample that presented the most similarity in relation to the other QLU56 belonging to locality 4 and the samples that had a 95 percent similarity coefficient were ATS 78 and ATS12, belonging to locality 2. The results obtained are important for future research that involve the elaboration of biofertilizers as a friendly alternative to the environment.