Sistema hidropónico inteligente aplicado a la producción del forraje verde con arquitectura IoT

Abstract

Hydroponic green fodder consists of the production of plant biomass, regardless of the climatic limitations of the areas, resulting in the germination, growth and development of the seed in a time not exceeding 15 days, being a complement that provides a high value nutrition, vitamins and proteins to various animal species, considering itself as an organic farming solution to the excessive use of pesticides , promoting clean technologies and good agricultural practices, optimizing the proper use of spaces and thus guaranteeing the food security of the species. The present research work contemplates the analysis, design and implementation of an intelligent hydroponic system applied to the production of green fodder with IoT architecture, through the construction of a chapel-type greenhouse located on a flat surface, for the cultivation of oat fodder. The IoT system for forage cultivation is based on the Fog Computing architecture where sensors are grouped to take the physical and chemical variables of temperature, humidity, PH and total dissolved solids in the environment, irrigation actuators by misting, reduction of solutions and ventilation. The acquisition, conditioning and control of the signals of the different devices installed in the system are carried out on the Arduino development platform, which analyzes, processes and selects the data to be sent to the server through a microcontroller with Wi-Fi communication that serves as a gateway, which connects with the Arduino through serial communication and with the server through MQTT, thus obtaining the data flow bidirectionally for remote control and monitoring. The server hosts the “Home Assistant” automation software that provides an interface with statistical data from the sensors, control buttons and video images for real-time monitoring of the system. Allowing the hydrocultor to access from outside the local network for system remote control, report generation, history review, receive alerts and check status. The system helps to reduce the gap between the hydroculturists and the technological elements