Estrategias de Intervención para el Desarrollo del Lenguaje en niños de 2 a 6 años con disfunciones orofaciales

Abstract

Considering that the acquisition of language is transcendental during the early childhood stage, this study presents the objectives: to identify orofacial dysfunctions in children from 2 to 6 years of age and their relationship with articulation problems for the elaboration of an intervention program; classify orofacial functions and their associated pathologies in children 2 to 6 years of age; describe the background of language development; relate orofacial dysfunctions with the history of language development; design myofunctional intervention strategies. The investigation was developed at the Center for Neurological and Nutritional Diseases of Children and Adolescents CENNA; the work was carried out with children from two to six years of age. The population or sample was made up of male 21 and female 9. The theoretical framework describes the antecedents, obtains concepts related to the subtopics: swallowing, chewing, breathing, speaking, associated pathologies. In the methodology, analytical research, prospective design and characterization of the variables were applied along with their dimensions; the sampling was probabilistic, 30 infants were integrated; 5% margin of error and 95% reliability were used in the selection; the information was collected using the orofacial dysfunction detection observation sheet and the articulation test for pronunciation (TAR). It is concluded that infants present difficulty in the pronunciation of phonemes presented in initial syllable; while two have mouth breather syndrome; two infants show immature sucking, one infant shows impaired swallowing; 70% are diagnosed with language disorders. That is, there is a need to employ intervention strategies that reduce the alterations and facilitate their treatment.