Evaluación de la presencia de alcaloides en tres estados fenológicos del fruto de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) injerto en palo bobo (Nicotiana glauca), en Tungurahua

Abstract

The research was carried out in the Soil Laboratories for Public Service and Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology owned by the Technical University of Ambato, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province. Located at 01 ° 22´ 02 ”South latitude and 78 ° 20” 36 ”West longitude, at an altitude of 2,865 meters above sea level, with the purpose of evaluating the presence of alkaloids in three phenological stages of the tree tomato fruit (Solanum betaceum ) being these mature, green and pintón; graft on bobo stick (Nicotiana glauca). For the evaluation, a factorial design was applied where 2 treatments and two controls were included, with ten repetitions, the PROBIT analysis was carried out and the Tukey significance tests were carried out at 5%, where the following results were obtained: The highest weight in fruit was obtained by the grafted yellow variety with a ripe state of pintón, which reached 137.62 g, the same that had its highest volume with 134.80 ml, in relation to the hardness of the fruit that reached its highest value It was the grafted purple variety in a state of green maturity with 4.92 kg / cm2. In diameter, the grafted purple variety in a mature state of maturity, which reached 62.28mm. The length of the fruit, its maximum value was given by the purple variety not grafted in a state of green maturity, which reached a value of 77.39 mm. Regarding the pH data, it was obtained that the non-grafted yellow variety in the green maturity stage has a higher pH corresponding to 4.07. The non-grafted purple fruit in ripe state that contains 2.11% titratable acidity. The results in the phytochemical screening carried out on the extracts, ethanolic of the pulp and rind of the samples under study, showed the presence of alkaloids giving positive in most of the samples, while in the test for alkaloids such as nicotine and anabasine that were They were subsequently carried out by means of thin layer chromatography runs gave no positive reaction when developed with Dragendorff's reagent.