Evolución de lesiones cervicouterinas y su correlación con hallazgos citológicos e histopatológicos, asociado o no a virus de papiloma humano en pacientes femeninas atendidas en el centro de salud Pilahuin - Tungurahua

Abstract

Introducction: Sexually transmitted diseases currently represent a great risk to the population, with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) being one of the most aggressive due to the severe complications generated by high-risk HPV types, which include HPV-16 and 18 causing mostly cervical cancer (CUC). HPV is responsible for approximately 5% of all cancers, specifically cervical cancer, and is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. The indigenous population is considered vulnerable to the early detection of cervical injuries, so this project is focused on the situation faced by the indigenous communities of Ecuador in the face of this problem. Objective: To determine the evolution of cervical lesions and their correlation with the histopathological findings found, associated or not with Human Papilloma Virus, in the female population of the PILAHUIN-Tungurahua Health Center. Methodology: Prospective descriptive study with a population of 191 indigenous women from Pilahuin Parish, who underwent gynecological medical histories, informed consent, cytology as part of the screening for CaCu and molecular tests for HPV, in order to know the incidence of this virus its population and relate the evolution of lesions over time. Results: The total number of patients in the study (n₌191), 32 were found to be HPV positive, corresponding to 16.75%, most of whom were found to have high-risk genotypes. Regarding the progression of lesions, it was possible to determine that there is no progression towards malignancy in any of the cases, even when 2 patients with ASCUS and 1 patient with CIN I were obtained, the most frequent cellular changes were in the type group moderate inflammatory with 104 patients regardless of whether they were HPV + or HPV-. The risk factors that influenced these patients were the early initiation of sexual intercourse and multiparity> 4 gestations. Conclusion: The progression of lesions in this population was nil, despite the existence of 32 HPV-positive women and 3 patients, 2 with a diagnosis of ASCUS and 1 with a diagnosis of CIN 1, so it is concluded that the indigenous population is special either because of their customs or genetic factors did not develop malignant lesions, which leads us to future studies.